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Änew, Turkmen capital of the Turkic world is celebrated in Ankara

AsiaNews.it - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 09:02
The events took place under the auspices of the Türksoy, established in 1993. The occasion also commemorated the 300th anniversary of the birth of the Turkmen poet and spiritual leader Magtymguly Pyragy. The stage in Arkadag, the new smart-city just built in honour of the former president and 'father of the fatherland'.
Categories: All, Asia, News

Worse Than You Can Imagine

Craig Murray - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 08:46

Governments cannot take big decisions extremely quickly except in the most extreme of circumstances. There are mechanisms in all states that consider policy decisions, weigh them up, involve the various departments of the state whose activities are affected by that decision, and arrive at a conclusion, though not necessarily a good one.

The decision to stop aid funding to UNRWA was not taken by numerous western states in a single day.

In the UK, several different government ministries had to coordinate. Even within only a single ministry, the FCDO, views would have to be coordinated through written submissions and interdepartmental meetings between the departments dealing with the Middle East, with the United Nations, with the United States, with Europe and then of course between the diplomatic and development wings of the ministry.

That process would include seeking the views of British Ambassadors to Tel Aviv, Doha, Cairo, Riyadh, Istanbul and Washington and to the United Nations in Geneva and in New York.

It is not necessarily a lengthy process but it is not a day’s work, and nor would it need to be. There was no practical impact to making the announcement of cutting UNRWA funding a day sooner or a day later.

Consider that the parallel process had to be completed in the United States, in Canada, in Germany, in Australia and in all the other Western powers that contributed to starvation in Gaza by cutting aid to UNRWA.

All of these countries had to go through their procedures, and it could only be by prior coordination – weeks in advance – between these states that they announced all on the same day the destruction of the life support system for Palestinians, then in absolute need.

And then consider that we now know for certain that the Israelis had produced no evidence whatsoever of UNRWA complicity in Hamas resistance, on which these decisions in all those states were allegedly based.

I have no doubt at all that the western political elite, paid tools of the zionist machine, are complicit in the genocide of Palestinians and ethnic cleansing of Gaza at a much deeper level than the people have yet understood. The refusal by Starmer and Sunak to contemplate ending arms sales and military support to Israel is not due to inertia or concern for the arms industry. It is that they actively support the destruction of the Palestinians.

The coordinated decision of the western nations to fast track famine by stopping UNRWA funding was announced within an hour,  following the ICJ ruling that Gazans were at immediate risk of genocide, and drove from the media headlines the adverse ruling against Israel.

This sent the clearest signal in response that the Western powers would not be stopped from the genocide by international law or institutions.

The Western powers give not a fig for 16,000 massacred Palestinian infants. No evidence of mass graves in hospitals will move them. They knew genocide was happening and continued actively to arm and abet it.

This genocide is the desired goal of the West. No other explanation is remotely plausible.

Western Political Support for this Genocide is No Accident

I have never believed the spin that Biden is trying to restrain Netanyahu, while simultaneously arming and funding Netanyahu and using US forces to fight alongside him.

Biden is making no effort to restrain Netanyahu. Biden fully supports the genocide.

My reading of this was reinforced when I was looking back at the Israeli murders on the Mavi Mamara in 2010, when they killed ten unarmed aid workers attempting a Freedom Flotilla aid delivery to Gaza. Israel’s actions were clearly both murderous and in breach of international law. Joe Biden as Vice President defended Israel staunchly then.  It is essential to understand that Genocide Joe has always been Genocide Joe.

Joe Biden took the lead in defending the raid to the U.S. public. In an interview with PBS, he described the raid as “legitimate” and argued that the flotilla organizers could have disembarked elsewhere before transferring the aid to Gaza. “So what’s the big deal here? What’s the big deal of insisting it go straight to Gaza?” Biden asked about the humanitarian mission. “Well, it’s legitimate for Israel to say, ‘I don’t know what’s on that ship. These guys are dropping eight — 3,000 rockets on my people.’”

Biden is not outplayed by Netanyahu. He is actively abetting Netanyahu and shares with him the objective of full Israeli occupation of Gaza after the Palestinian people are killed or expelled into Sinai. He also shares with Netanyahu the aim of a wider regional conflict in which the US and Gulf states ally with Israel against Iran, Syria, Yemen and Hezbollah. This is their joint vision of the Middle East – Greater Israel, and US hegemony operating through the Sunni monarchies.

If you believe all the spin from the White House about Biden trying to restrain Netanyahu, I suggest you look instead at the White House and State Department spokesmen refusing to accept any single instance of Israel atrocity and deferring to Israel on every subgle crime.

I am currently in Pakistan, and I must say it has been a great refreshment to be in a country where everybody understands why ISIS, Al Nusra etc never attacked Israeli interests, and sees precisely what Western governments are doing over Gaza. What is understood by developing nations is thankfully understood by GenZ in the West as well.

The Arab regimes of the Gulf and Jordan are dependent upon Israeli and US security services and surveillance for protection from their own people. The lack of really massive street protest against their own regimes by Arab peoples is a direct testimony to the effectiveness of that vicious repression, particularly when states like Jordan actually fight alongside Israel against Iranian weapons.

The anti-Iranian card is of course the trick both Biden and Netanyahu have left to play. By promoting an escalation with Iran, western politicians were able to default to a position of claiming the case for arming Israeli was proven – and I think were genuinely perplexed to find the public did not buy it.

The political class, across the western world and the Arab world, is utterly divorced from its people over Gaza. We are seeing worldwide repression, as peaceful conferences are stormed by police in Germany, students are beaten by police in American campuses, and in the UK old white people like me suffer the kind of continual harassment long suffered by young Muslim men.

This is not the work of Netanyahu operating as a rogue. It is the result of the machinations of a professional political class across the Western world welded to zionism, with the supremacy of Israel as an article of fundamental belief.

Times are not this dark by accident. They were designed to be this dark.

————————————————

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The post Worse Than You Can Imagine appeared first on Craig Murray.

Poland Ready To Help Ukraine Round Up Military-Aged Men

Zero Hedge - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 08:45
Poland Ready To Help Ukraine Round Up Military-Aged Men

Poland says it is ready and willing to help Ukraine with its crisis-level manpower and recruitment problems, as it could be poised to round up Ukrainian military-aged males and return them to their home country. Government officials are now strongly signaling just such a controversial plan.

Polish Defense Minister Wladyslaw Kosiniak-Kamysz issued the words Wednesday, largely in response to Ukraine's new law and policy requiring men between 18 and 59 living abroad to get or renew their passport only at offices inside Ukraine. It is designed to prevent them from leaving in the country and thus avoid military service.

"Poland has suggested in the past helping Ukraine so that those who are subject to military service go back to their country to fulfill their civic obligation, Kosiniak-Kamysz told Polsat News television," according to Reuters.

Getty Images

"I think many Poles are outraged when they see young Ukrainian men in hotels and cafes, and they hear how much effort we have to make to help Ukraine," he said, but without specifying what precise steps Warsaw is set to take.

According to more of the Polish defense minister's words:

"The Ukrainian authorities are doing everything to provide new soldiers to the front, because the needs are huge," Kosiniak-Kamysz said.

The Polish official said that Warsaw had previously offered to help Kiev track down those who dodge their "civic duty," but noted that "the form of assistance depends on the Ukrainian side."

Of course, we should note that such a policy of helping get young Ukrainian men 'off the streets' is highly convenient from a Polish perspective, given the historic anti-Ukrainian sentiment among the Polish population. Simply put, the two nationalities tend to hate each other, and Warsaw will now cast its policies pressuring Ukrainians to leave as somehow noble.

Ukraine's foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba wrote earlier this week on X that he had "ordered measures to restore fair attitudes toward men of conscription age in Ukraine and abroad." Kuleba complained, "How it looks now: A man of conscription age went abroad, showed his state that he does not care about its survival, and then comes and wants to receive services from this state."

Russian media has estimated that almost one million Ukrainians have been given temporary sanctuary in Poland, and that a significant but unknown portion of these are likely eligible for conscription.

As the West agree to send billions more to Ukraine, mass mobilisation gets underway as officers staged a mass raid in a cafe in Uzhgorod.

Eyewitnesses filmed mobilisation and police officers leading men out of the cafe who will no doubt be heading to the front shortly. pic.twitter.com/K2o1InhbTa

— Dean O'Brien (@DeanoBeano1) April 24, 2024

Despite Biden's $60 billion for Ukraine's defense having finally been signed into law by the president, the reality remains that Ukraine is fundamentally suffering a severe crisis of manpower. This essentially means that even as US weapons and equipment arrive, there are fewer and fewer troops experienced enough to actually man and operate them.

Tyler Durden Fri, 04/26/2024 - 02:45
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political

Former British PM Liz Truss Warns About Global Threat Of The Left

Zero Hedge - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 08:00
Former British PM Liz Truss Warns About Global Threat Of The Left

Via The Epoch Times,

Former British Prime Minister Liz Truss spoke Monday at The Heritage Foundation about how the United States and the United Kingdom are facing very challenging forces in the global left, not just in terms of their extremist activists, but also in the power they hold in our institutions.

She warned that conservatives must create a stronger infrastructure to take on the left—which is well-funded, activist, and has many friends in high places—by recruiting more conservative activists and candidates who can fight in the trenches in the ideological war that we now face.

Excerpts from her remarks are below.

Why am I launching “Ten Years to Save the West” in the United States as well as in the United Kingdom? Well, I like to think of the United States of America as Britain’s greatest invention, albeit a slightly inadvertent invention. And if you look at our history, from Magna Carta to the Bill of Rights to the American Constitution, we have developed and perfected representative democracy.

And if you look at what is going on in our societies, first of all, the Brexit vote back in 2016 and then the election of President Donald Trump later that year, you can see the same desires of our people for change and the same desires for those conservative values and that sovereignty.

And if you look at the battle for conservatism now and the frequency with which we get new prime ministers in the United Kingdom and the frequency with which you get new speakers of the House here in the United States, we can see again that there is a battle for the heart and soul of conservatism on both sides of the Atlantic. And I think that battle is very important. Because, let’s be honest, we have not been winning against the global left.

If you look at the history since the turn of the millennium, the left have had the upper hand. And it’s not the old-fashioned left who used to argue about the means of production and economic inequality. It’s the new left who have insidious ideas that challenge our very way of life.

Whether it’s about climate extremism that doesn’t believe in economic growth, whether it’s about challenging the very idea of a man and a woman and biological sex, whether it’s about the human rights culture that’s been bedded into so much of our society that makes us unable to deal with illegal immigration—those new ideas have been promulgated by the global left and they have been successful in infiltrating quite a large proportion of society and a large part of our institutions.

Let’s just look at the state of economics. I am a supply-sider. I know that it works. We saw it work under [U.S. President Ronald] Reagan and [UK Prime Minister Margaret] Thatcher, and yet we’ve seen the domination of Keynesian economics in recent years, bloated size of government, huge debts in both of our countries.

On the immigration and human rights culture, look at what is going on now on American university campuses where it is not safe anymore to be Jewish, or the streets of London where a Jewish man could not cross the road during yet another appalling protest, or the fact that we can’t seem to deport illegal immigrants either from your southern border or the small boats that are crossing the channel.

Or take wokery, another bad neo-Marxist idea developed from [Michel] Foucault and all those crazy post-modernists in the 1960s, the idea that biological sex is not a reality.

We now have President [Joe] Biden introducing regulations around Title IX, which means that girls could see biological boys in their changing rooms, in their locker rooms, in their school restrooms and not be able to do anything about it. And if they complain about it, they could be the ones guilty of harassment. How on earth can that be happening in our society?

Or the climate extremists who aren’t satisfied with just stopping coal-fired power stations here in America, [liquefied natural gas] terminals being built, fracking in the United Kingdom, but want to go further. Whether it’s imposing electric vehicles or air-source heat pumps or extra taxes on the public. Meanwhile, our adversaries in China are busy building coal-fired power stations every week.

I see that as unilateral economic disarmament in the middle of what is a various, serious threat to the West.

So how has it ended up that after the turn of the millennium, despite the fact that we have many conservative intellectuals and politicians, why have our institutions, why has so much of our public discourse shifted to the left?

Well, first of all, too many conservatives have not been making the argument. Now, I call them conservatives in name only, CINOs. I know in America you call them RINOs. But these conservatives in name only, rather than taking on those ludicrous ideas, instead have tried to appease and meet them halfway.

Why have they done this? Well, first of all, they don’t want to look mean. They don’t want to look like they’re against human rights. They don’t want to look like they’re against the environment. They don’t want to be mean to transgender people. They’ve allowed those arguments to affect their views on what is right and wrong. But it’s also more cynical than that.

If you want to get a good job after politics, if you want to get into the corporate boardroom, there are a group of acceptable views and opinions that you should hold. And most of them are on that list. If you want to be popular and get invited to a lot of dinner parties in Washington, D.C., or London, there are reviews on that list that you should hold. And people have chosen dinner parties over principle.

But the other thing I think we’ve missed on the conservative side of the argument, and I put my hands up to this, is the rising power of the administrative state. The fact that power—which previously lay in the hands of democratically elected politicians, like them or not they can be voted out of office—is now in the hands of so-called independent bodies, whether it’s central banks, whether it’s government agencies, or whether it’s the civil service themselves.

And what we’re seeing in bureaucracy in the United Kingdom, and I think here in the United States as well, is a growing activist class of civil servants who have views on transgender ideology or climate or human rights, which they are keen to promote in their roles.

I saw this firsthand and one of the key points the book is about is my battles that I had with that institutional mindset. And there’s a phrase that we use in Britain called “consent and evade.” Quite often the officials will be very polite on the request, but it will take a very long time to do if it’s something like helping deport illegal immigrants or sort out the Rwanda scheme. If it’s something that they like, like dealing with climate change, that will be expedited.

And I think it’s very difficult for people who haven’t worked in government to understand just how cumbersome and how treacle-like it has become. And I don’t know if that’s a product of the modern era, if it’s a product of the online society, but it is very, very difficult now to deliver conservative policies.

Now, I did many jobs in many different government departments. I was in the justice department, the environment department, the education department, the treasury, I was in trade, I was in the foreign office, and I faced battles against activist lawyers, against environmentalists, against left-wing educationalists.

But what I thought when I ran to be prime minister in 2022 is I thought I had the opportunity to change things because that was surely the apex of power. I hadn’t been able to change it as environment secretary or trade secretary, but as prime minister, surely that was the opportunity for me to be able to really change things.

Now, there’s a bit of a spoiler alert about the book. It didn’t quite work out. I ended up being the shortest-serving British prime minister as a result of trying to take on these forces. And the particular thing that I tried to take them on was the whole issue of our economy.

*   *   *

I come today with a warning to the United States of America. I fear the same forces will be coming for President Donald Trump if he wins the election this November. There is a huge resistance to pro-growth supply-side policies that will deliver economic dynamism and help reduce debt.

What the international institutions and the economic establishment want to see is they want to see higher taxes, higher spending, and more big government, and more regulation. They do not want to see that challenged. And we’ve already heard noises from the Congressional Budget Office and elements of the United States market about the financial stability situation.

So, what have I learned from my experience? What have I learned from my time in office? I have learned that we are facing really quite challenging forces of the global left, not just in terms of their virulent activists making extremist documents, but also the power they hold in our institutions. And that leads me to believe that what conservatives need is what I describe as a bigger bazooka.

Now, what do I mean by a bigger bazooka? Well, first of all, I mean that we need really strong conservative political infrastructure to be able to take on the left. They are well-funded, they are activists, they have many friends in high places. And we need strength and depth in our political operation.

That’s why I’m working on a new political movement in the UK called Popular Conservatism, which is about bringing in more activists, more candidates, more potential legislators, more operators who can actually fight in the trenches against the left in the ideological warfare that we now face.

The second thing we need to do is we need to dismantle the administrative state. And there are lots of people I speak to who say, “It’s just because you ministers aren’t tough enough. If only you were a bit bolder in taking on things, if only you had a bit more political will, you would be able to deliver.”

Those people are not right. Until we actually change the system, we are not going to be able to deliver conservative policy such as the depths of resistance in our institutions and our bureaucracy that we do have to change things first.

And what does that mean? Well, you’re ahead of us in the United States in that the president gets to appoint 3,000 people into the government positions. In Britain it’s only 100 people. And those 100 people are relatively junior. They’re not in charge of departments. So, I believe we need to change that in Britain. We need to properly appoint senior figures in our bureaucracy.

We also need to deal with the proliferation of unaccountable bureaucratic bodies. They have to go. There has to be a real bonfire of the quangos.

But even here in the United States, policies like Schedule F are going to be very, very important in order to be able to deliver a conservative agenda. And the project that Heritage is sponsoring, Project 2025, is another vital part of building that institutional infrastructure that can actually deliver conservative policies. Having seen what I’ve seen on both sides of the Atlantic, I think both of those things are vital in order for conservative policies to deliver.

But we can’t just deal with the administrative state at a national level because what we’ve also got is the global administrative state. We have the United Nations, the World Health Organization, we have the [Conference of the Parties] process.

And one of the things I tried to do was stop Britain hosting COP in Glasgow. I failed. But I want to see us in the future abandon that process. The best people to make decisions are people that are democratically elected in sovereign nations. It is not people sitting on international bodies who are divorced from the concerns of the public.

The final thing conservatives need to do is end appeasement. And by ending appeasement, I’m talking about the appeasement of woke Orwellianism at home as well as the appeasement of totalitarianism abroad. We have to do both of those things because both of those things are threatening our way of life.

Totalitarian regimes like China, Russia, and Iran have to be stood up to, the only thing they understand is strength. And now the military aid budget has been passed through Congress. There needs to be more clarity about how Russia can be defeated and how China and Iran will also be taken on. And in order to achieve that, we are going to need a change in personnel at the White House.

Now, I worked in Cabinet whilst Donald Trump was president and while President Biden was president. And I can assure you, the world felt safer when Donald Trump was in office. 2024 is going to be a vital year, and it’s the reason that I wanted to bring my book out now. Because getting a conservative back in the White House is critical to taking on the global left. And I hate to think what life would be like with another four years of appeasement of the woke left in the United States, as well as continued weakness on the international stage.

But my final message is that winning in 2025 or winning in 2024 and going into government in 2025 is not enough. It’s not enough just to win. It’s not enough just to have those conservative policies. That there will be huge resistance from the administrative state and from a left in politics that has never been more extremist or more virulent.

And that is why it will need all the resources of the American conservative movement, think tanks like Heritage, and hopefully your allies in the United Kingdom to succeed. But you must succeed because the free world needs you.

Reprinted by permission from The Daily Signal, a publication of The Heritage Foundation.

Tyler Durden Fri, 04/26/2024 - 02:00
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political

What Is the Purpose of Economic Theory?

Mises Institute - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 08:00
Mainstream economists believe that economic theory is valid when it “predicts” economic actions or trends. Austrian economists, however, say that the purpose of economic theory is to explain economic events.

The Impotence of Antony Blinken, by Patrick Lawrence

The Unz Review - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:20
Antony Blinken is now in China for his second such journey as secretary of state and his third encounter with senior Chinese officials: This is our news as April marches toward May. I have to say, it is a stranger state of affairs than I can figure when the State Department and the media that...
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political, U.S.

Race and the Decline of American Justice, by Peter Bradley

The Unz Review - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:10
Lawfare — using the legal system against political opponents — is now a common leftist tactic. It’s effective. Just last month, VDARE.com announced it is effectively shutting down operations after 25 years. Perhaps more than any other site, VDARE has spotlighted how America’s immigration policy leads to demographic disaster. Its shuttering would be a huge...
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political, U.S.

How an 'Antisemitism Hoax' Drowned Out the Discovery of Mass Graves in Gaza, by Jonathan Cook

The Unz Review - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:10
In confecting a media row about the policing of London marches against genocide, the Israel lobby knew it would score a victory, whatever happened A gruesome discovery was made in Gaza last weekend. Some 300 Palestinian bodies – of men, women and children – were unearthed from an unmarked mass grave in the courtyard of...
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political, U.S.

Washington Moves On to Plan B, by Mike Whitney

The Unz Review - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:10
Here's what everyone needs to understand about Ukraine: The United States has already moved on to Plan B. No, the Biden administration has not issued an official statement on the matter, but the shift has already begun. The Washington Brain-trust has abandoned any hope of winning the war outright (Plan A) and has, thus, adopted...
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political, U.S.

Judea Declares War on Tucker Carlson, by Andrew Anglin

The Unz Review - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:05
After passing the Ukraine aid bill this week, arch warmonger Mitch McConnell, a man with a 6% approval rating whose entire existence surrounds servicing the Jews, claimed that the entire reason it took so long to get the bill passed was because Tucker Carlson disagreed with it. He was asked why it took so long,...
Categories: All, Non-Catholic, Political, U.S.

Pilgrim’s Problem

The Catholic Thing - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:03

By now I should be entering on the supreme stage
Of the whole walk, reserved for the late afternoon.
The heat was to be over now; the anxious mountains,
The airless valleys and the sun-baked rocks, behind me.

Now, or soon now, if all is well, come the majestic
Rivers of foamless charity that glide beneath
Forests of contemplation. In the grassy clearings
Humility with liquid eyes and damp, cool nose
Should come, half-tame, to eat bread from my hermit hand.
If storms arose, then in my tower of fortitude–
It ought to have been in sight by this—I would take refuge;
But I expected rather a pale mackerel sky,
Feather-like, perhaps shaking from a lower cloud
Light drops of silver temperance, and clover earth
Sending up mists of chastity, a country smell,
Till earnest stars blaze out in the established sky
Rigid with justice; the streams audible; my rest secure.

I can see nothing like all this. Was the map wrong?
Maps can be wrong. But the experienced walker knows
That the other explanation is more often true.

The post Pilgrim’s Problem appeared first on The Catholic Thing.

Categories: All, Lay, Organisations

Arizona House votes to repeal law protecting life from moment of conception

The Catholic Thing - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:03

In a 32-28 vote, Arizona legislators passed an “abortion ban repeal” bill designed to overturn an 1864 pro-life law. Republicans have a narrow majority in the Arizona House, but the bill passed because three Republicans joined the Democrats against the pro-life measure. The repeal will now be considered by the Arizona Senate where Republicans also hold a narrow majority. Democrat Gov. Katie Hobbs has indicated she will sign the bill into law if the Senate passes it.

 

 

The post Arizona House votes to repeal law protecting life from moment of conception appeared first on The Catholic Thing.

Categories: All, Lay, Organisations

Supreme Court ‘skeptical’ state abortion bans conflict with federal healthcare law

The Catholic Thing - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:03

Supreme Court justices appeared skeptical Wednesday that state abortion bans enacted after the overturning of Roe v. Wade violate federal healthcare law, though some also questioned the effects on emergency care for pregnant women. The Idaho case under review marks the first time the Supreme Court has considered the implications of a state ban since Dobbs.
 

 

The post Supreme Court ‘skeptical’ state abortion bans conflict with federal healthcare law appeared first on The Catholic Thing.

Categories: All, Lay, Organisations

How cloistered, silent Carthusians made a big noise with a Chartreuse shortage

The Catholic Thing - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:03

In the spring, rumors began circulating that Chartreuse, the much-ballyhooed French herbal liqueur, had suddenly become hard to find. Countless fans took to social media to decry the shortage, question if others had any leads on bottles, posit conspiracies, or cheer when they found a bottle. The monks themselves are silent on the shortage – apparently concerned about producing too much of the green elixir, lest they contribute to the “alcoholization of the world,”
 

 

The post How cloistered, silent Carthusians made a big noise with a Chartreuse shortage appeared first on The Catholic Thing.

Categories: All, Lay, Organisations

‘Fr. Justin,’ AI priest, ‘defrocked’

The Catholic Thing - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:03

The “Fr. Justin” interactive Artificial Intelligence app was launched this week by Catholic Answers. The app is focused on apologetics and evangelization and is designed to answer questions about the Catholic faith using material from the Catholic Answers library of articles, talks, and apologetics materials. However, controversy over the virtual priest quickly led to Justin’s laicization.
 

 

The post ‘Fr. Justin,’ AI priest, ‘defrocked’ appeared first on The Catholic Thing.

Categories: All, Lay, Organisations

Decadent Rome and the Christian Counterculture

The Catholic Thing - Fri, 04/26/2024 - 06:02

Whenever people think about Rome (say, after reading the New Testament, or Shakespeare, or scrolling through TikTok), they tend to focus on Rome’s transition from a republic to an imperial monarchy. They recall Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon, declaring himself dictator, and being assassinated by senators hoping to restore the republic, only for his adopted son (Augustus) to take back control, defeat his rivals, dissolve the senate, and establish the empire. Meanwhile, a child was born in Bethlehem.

It’s the period after this tumult, popularly known as the Pax Romana, that receives less attention, despite being arguably more relevant for understanding the world today. This was when Rome became a superpower, spanning three continents and bringing its way of life to the whole world. Paradoxically, this was also when the signs of decline began to manifest themselves, particularly among the elite class, and the empire became ever more diverse, calling into question what it even meant to call oneself Roman.

In his latest book, Pax: War and Peace in Rome’s Golden Age, Tom Holland does a great service: he covers this important period in Western history, not just in a fascinating narrative, but reflecting on the true nature of civilizational progress, successful leadership, and the work of divine providence in human affairs.

Holland begins with one of the most corrupt and disgusting historical figures, Emperor Nero. Last of August’s line, Nero had a surprisingly long reign (AD 54-68) despite his murderous cruelty and deviant behavior. Holland opens with the funeral of Nero’s wife, Poppea, as an opportunity to describe Rome at that point. Yes, Nero likely murdered her and her unborn child in a fit of rage. And replaced her with a mutilated boy who resembled her. And Nero was likely responsible for the great fire that destroyed Rome a few years earlier. But, for all that, as Holland shows, he also happened to be a source of stability for the empire.

Once Nero killed himself, after learning of a rebellion in Germany, chaos followed, which resulted in the succession of four emperors within a single year. At first, there seemed grounds for optimism, particularly with accession of Servius Sulpicius Galba, a man with a distinguished record “as a magistrate, as a soldier, as a governor of major provinces.” Galba, however, was also an insufferable snob with a fatal sense of entitlement.

Only a few months later, Marcus Salvius Otho, who had “become a byword for both effeminacy and hooliganism” because of his friendship with Nero, launches a coup against Galba and becomes emperor. He is soon replaced by Aulus Vitellius, the commander of the German armies who also had a “reputation for viciousness and depravity” and close ties to Nero. Finally, Vitellius is replaced by Titus Flavius Vespasianus, a commander in Judea who was “popular with the men he commanded,” but “quite without pedigree.”

With each of these “emperors,” Holland is careful to note the new power dynamics of the empire. No longer is it populist generals waging wars against the patrician senators over the fate of the republic; now, it is rival factions in Rome’s massive military fighting for the crown and ultimate power. Galba and Otho represented the far west (Iberia), Vitellius represented its north (South Germany and Eastern Gaul), and Vespasian represented the east (Judea and Egypt).

Not surprisingly, after Vespasian’s rule, Roman culture became noticeably more oriental and “Hellenized.” Efforts to tame and develop the wild areas in northern Germany, Western France, and England, are gradually abandoned while the emperors focus their efforts on quelling revolts in the Balkans and Judea, as well as expanding eastward into Persia.

Vespasian’s ten-year rule restores the Pax Romana. He is succeeded by his son Titus, most famous for his bloody siege of Judea and the destruction of the Jewish temple. Titus’s reign is cut short by illness, which leads to the rise of his brother Domitian whom Holland describes as a paranoid micromanager with a mission to appease the gods after the catastrophic eruption of Vesuvius. Domitian is finally assassinated and replaced by Cocceius Nerva, who cleared the way for his eminent successors, Trajan and Hadrian.

Although almost opposite in their approaches to leadership (Trajan wanted to expand while Hadrian wanted to consolidate) as well as temperament (Trajan hated talking and liked warring while Hadrian loved talking and preferred rebuilding), both were among Rome’s greatest emperors and enjoyed enormous political capital.

Although hindsight confers the greatest honor to these last two emperors, Holland’s history compels the reader to reconsider this assessment. From Nero to Hadrian (AD 54-138), the emperors were all kept busy with the same challenges that came with maintaining the Pax Romana: tame the frontier, pay the praetorian guard, kill all rivals, feed the plebeians in Rome, and pick a good successor. This necessitated extreme ruthlessness by all of them, even in the best of times.

Moreover, the combination of godlike power and pagan amorality led all the emperors to suffer from dysfunctional personal lives where they regularly cheated on their wives and indulged in various perversions (it wasn’t just Nero). Ironically, the most pious of them, Domitian, also happened to be the most malevolent, persecuting and martyring a record number of Christians.

Altogether, this leads the reader to wonder just how great the Romans really were. Until a majority of Romans converted to Christianity, the whole empire would be locked in a bloody cycle of civil wars and rebellions while being ruled by half-insane emperors for at least two more centuries. The Dark Age that followed the empire’s collapse a few centuries after that would have lasted indefinitely. In other words, without the countercultural Christians working in the margins, there would have been the modern West as it is today in its post-Christian disorder. Clearly, God picked a good time to become incarnate.

It’s doubtful that Holland intended to inspire this kind of gratitude for the appearance of Christianity, but this is the real takeaway, and it’s something that everyone, not just Christians, should celebrate.

Tom Holland

The post Decadent Rome and the Christian Counterculture appeared first on The Catholic Thing.

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