“What is perfection in love? Love your enemies in such a way that you would desire to make them your brothers … For so did He love, Who hanging on the Cross, said ‘Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.’” (Luke 23:34)
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Site: RT - News
The US has reportedly shared data with the UK and other group members, citing alleged off-planet Chinese and Russian threats
The US has begun sharing its “most sensitive” military intelligence on China’s and Russia’s space operations with the UK and other members of The Five Eyes (FVEY) global intelligence group, The Times has reported, citing a senior commander within the US Space Force.
Until this month, the work of Space Delta 9, a unit focused on America’s orbital warfare, was largely meant only for US officials with top-secret security clearance.
However, in a move that a Space Delta 9 spokesman described to The Times as “momentous,” British military chiefs have been allowed to observe operations at the unit's base in Colorado.
The other Five Eyes members, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, have also been allowed access to the highest levels of US space intelligence, the British daily reported on Wednesday.
Read moreUS can manipulate time and space – White House
The Times attributed the development to Beijing and Moscow allegedly developing “new space capabilities,” such as dual use satellites, and orbiters designed for both civilian and military applications.
”We have to be ready for that fight that nobody wants to have,” Colonel Ramsey Horn, commander of Space Delta 9, told the paper. He went on to claim that the unit is “more ready” than ever to engage in combat in space.
The US Defense Department has accused China of stockpiling anti-satellite weapons, raising concerns over what it describes as Beijing’s increasing emphasis on space warfare. Chinese officials have rejected the claims and argued that militarization of space by the US poses the real threat to global stability.
Washington has made similar allegations against Russia, suggesting that Moscow may possess covert anti-satellite systems, potentially with nuclear capabilities. The Kremlin has dismissed the claims as baseless attempts to deflect attention from America’s own military ambitions in space.
READ MORE: US greatest threat to space security – China
Both Russia and China have consistently stated their opposition to the weaponization of space and have advocated for keeping space a domain reserved for peaceful use.
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Site: southern orders
PREPARING FOR HOLY SMOKE AND AN ORTHODOX POPE!
Silere non possum reports the following (with my excellent commentary in red):Vatican City - This morning, in the New Chamber of the Synod, the eighth preparatory General Congregation of the College of Cardinals took place, in view of the next conclave.
- Ecclesial communication was also discussed, highlighting the need to make the transmission of the Gospel effective and coherent at all levels: from parish ministry to the Roman Curia. Other important topics addressed during the morning include:
- The duty of testimony and unity, in the light of the words of the Gospel: "With this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love each other". (Of course Pope Francis papacy caused quite a bit of disunity, also called, division, schismatic countries, like Germany, and overall anger and rage in many laity. God willing the next pope will bring inner unity and thus healing to the Church after Pope Francis’ papacy).
- The centrality of the liturgy in the life of the Church. (Hopefully, the good cardinals discussed how Pope Benedict XVI strived to do this, especially with Summorum Pontificum and the influence of Traditional and Modern Forms of Mass on each other).
- The importance of canon law as a guarantee of justice and ecclesial order. (This certainly implies that Pope Francis did not respect canon law and justice and ecclesial order was based upon his whim. He called those who follow Canon Law, like Cardinal Burke) doctors of the law which is a mocking and derogatory comment about canon law lawyers and those who want clarity in doctrine, morals and Canon Law).
- The relationship between synodality and collegiality, and their implications for the mission and presence of the laity in the Church. (Pope Francis has diminished the role of local bishop and the college of bishops as collaborators with the Pope in the three fold mission of the Magisterium (pope and bishops together) to teach, govern and sanctify the Church. Incorporating laity into the mix-mash of inane synodality as practiced and promoted by Pope Francis has corrupted the teaching authority of the college of bishops).
-A hermeneutic of the continuity between the pontificates of John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis. (And I hope they are reading Pope Benedict’s Christmas elocution to the Roman Curia about the proper interpretation of Vatican II in continuity with what preceded the Council. The hermeneutic of continuity, completely neglected or destroyed by Pope Francis, especially canceling the papacies of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, must, I repeat, must be recovered by the next pope).
- The role of the Eucharist as the source and culmination of the missionary action of the Church. (Not sure what this means, and would like to see a recovery of Pope Benedict XVI Eucharistic theology, style and ethos).
This morning, moreover, the firefighters of the Vatican City State installed the chimney on the roof of the Sistine. Inside the Chapel, the preparatory work continues for May 7, the day on which the purples will enter the Conclave.
Silere non possum
AND, YES, PLEASE MAKE THE CARDINALS REREAD AND STUDY POPE BENEDICT’S CHRISTMAS GREETINGS ON THE PROPER INTERPRETATION OF VATICAN II AT ITS 40TH ANNIVERSARY AT THE TIME WHICH YOU CAN READ
HERE!
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Site: Zero HedgePre-Tariff Surge In Aircraft Orders Sends US Durable Goods Orders To Record High In MarchTyler Durden Fri, 05/02/2025 - 10:10
While Apple's Tim Cook was adamant on the call last night that he had seen no 'pull forward' of demand due to the tariffs, it seems every other firm in the US did as Durable Goods Orders soared in March (final print this morning at +9.2% MoM)...
Source: Bloomberg
However, Core Durable Goods (ex Transports) was unchanged MoM - suggesting considerable front-running of tariffs for planes and autos...
Source: Bloomberg
US Factory Orders rose 4.3% MoM (slightly less than the +4.5% expected) - a big jump
Source: Bloomberg
And like with Durable Goods, Core Factory orders (ex Transports) actually fell 0.2% MoM...
Source: Bloomberg
The surge in orders was largely driven by a 139% MoM spike in non-defense aircraft and parts...
Source: Bloomberg
Which pushed total orders to a new all-time record-high...
Source: Bloomberg
The question is - what happens in April - post Liberation Day?
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Site: RT - News
The national governing body has said the ban is the result of a UK Supreme Court ruling
Transgender athletes will no longer be allowed to compete in women’s football in England, according to the country’s Football Association (FA). The policy change was prompted by a UK Supreme Court ruling.
The participation of transgender athletes in women’s sports has been a hot topic in recent years. Some argue that this undermines fair competition, while others believe trans athletes should be included based on gender identity rather than their ‘assigned sex’ at birth.
“Transgender women will no longer be able to play in women’s football in England, and this policy will be implemented from 1 June 2025,” the FA said in a statement released on Thursday, citing last month’s court ruling.
On April 15, the UK Supreme Court ruled that the term ‘woman’ refers to biological sex, not gender identity, meaning that transgender individuals who were born male are not legally considered women for the purposes of single-sex protections. The ruling comes after the ‘For Women Scotland’ campaign group challenged a Scottish law aimed at increasing the number of women on public boards, which included transgender women with legal recognition as female.
Fewer than 30 transgender women are registered among millions of amateur players, with none currently playing in the professional game across the Home Nations, the BBC reported on Thursday, citing the FA.
The ban comes a month after the association ruled that transgender women could continue to play in the women’s game as long as they keep their testosterone levels below 5 n/mol for at least 12 months.
Read moreFemale boxer’s Olympic beatdown sparks transgender outcry
The Scottish Football Association has announced the same policy, saying it is banning transgender women from women’s football.
At the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, Algerian boxer Imane Khelif and Chinese Taipei’s Lin Yu-ting found themselves at the center of controversy regarding gender verification in sports. The International Olympic Committee defended their participation, and both athletes won gold medals despite public outcry.
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni spoke out, expressing support for Italian boxer Angela Carini, who was defeated by Khelif in a 46-second bout.
Commenting on Khelif’s victory, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that allowing biological male athletes to compete against females could lead to unintended consequences. In November last year, then-US President-elect Donald Trump also voiced his opposition to the committee’s decision to allow Khelif to compete against women.
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Site: Zero HedgeA Taxing Showdown: Trump Says Harvard Will Lose Tax-Exempt StatusTyler Durden Fri, 05/02/2025 - 09:45
The woke liberal elites, perched high in their Harvard University ivory towers in Cambridge, Massachusetts, have been plotted at extreme levels on the "F*ck Around and Find Out" (FAFO) chart, which illustrates their relationship between taking risks ("f*ck around") and facing consequences ("find out") in response to President Trump's simple request to dismantle the toxic framework of diversity, equity, and inclusion on campus.
The standoff between President Trump and woke elites deepened on Friday morning after the president wrote on Truth Social: "We are going to be taking away Harvard's Tax Exempt Status. It's what they deserve!"
On Wednesday, President Trump suggested to U.S. Education Secretary Linda McMahon that the federal government may stop giving the far-left university grants: "And it looks like we are not going to be giving them any more grants, right Linda?"
The president has launched a formal review into the $9 billion in federal funding for the university. He demanded the university end DEI and crack down on anti-Semitic protests fueled by pro-Palestinian groups.
F*ck Around:
Find Out:
Last week, the president asked the Internal Revenue Service to revoke Harvard University's tax-exempt status. The Ivy League school's failure to wind down woke and toxic liberal agendas that undermine the nation has left it at the end phase of FAFO.
On Thursday night, Trump told students in his commencement address at the University of Alabama: "The next chapter of the American story will not be written by the Harvard Crimson. It will be written by you, the Crimson Tide."
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Site: RT - News
Excluding Moscow’s representatives from commemorations of the defeat of the Nazis shows a problem with elementary logic and basic decency
Eighty years ago, Germany suffered its worst self-induced military – as well as moral, political, cultural, you name it – catastrophe ever.
First, Nazi Germany led the global fascist challenge that we call World War II. Then, Germany was not merely defeated but crushed by the combined efforts of, in order of importance, the Soviet Union, the US, and UK, to name only those powers that really mattered decisively for the outcome of the war in Europe. This Allied victory in Europe is celebrated in May. In the West, the commemorations peak on the 8th and in Russia, one day later.
In Asia, things were different. World War II started earlier – in July 1937, not September 1939, and ended later – in August, not May, 1945. Regarding the war in Europe, the West has always, with varying intensity, sought to diminish the preponderant role of the Soviet Union – and within the latter, of Russia.
Concerning the war in Asia, the West’s main target of this weaponized forgetfulness has been China, rightly labeled “the forgotten ally” by historian Rana Mitter. China, like the Soviet Union and now Russia, has always dared challenge Western hegemony and especially US ‘primacy’. And, as with Russia and the former Soviet Union, it is this geopolitical independence that has led the West to deny the Chinese people’s real and massive World War II contribution and sacrifices, which were enormous (the death toll alone, to quote only one figure, is estimated at 12-20 million).
But for now, back to the European part of the war. There, in historical reality, it was the Soviet Union that did the most – by far – to destroy Nazi Germany. And that is a simple, even quantifiable historical fact. Merely a decade ago, it was occasionally admitted even in Western mainstream media, such as America’s Washington Post and Britain’s Independent.
A few figures suffice to sketch just how predominant the Soviet share in the victory over Nazism was: Over the course of the war, in all its theaters, 17 to 18 million Germans served in the Nazi forces (including the Wehrmacht and the smaller but especially important and vicious Waffen-SS).
Read moreGerman anti-Russia propaganda is reaching Nazi-era levels
At least 4 million German soldiers were killed in the fight against the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1945 alone. Estimates indicate that at least as many were injured, probably more; around 3 million became POWs.
The upshot of this is simple: A massive chunk, some historians estimate up to 80%, of the total German fighting manpower of World War II – not only those who invaded the Soviet Union – was eliminated on what the Germans called the Eastern Front. Without going into easily available details, the picture is similar when we focus not on men but materiel.
Ask, for instance, Google’s Gemini AI in Deep Research mode, and it will sum it up thus: “It is evident that the Eastern Front absorbed the vast majority of Germany’s total tank losses throughout the war.” It turns out that the failure of Germany’s touted Leopard tank in the Ukraine conflict has a long tradition reaching back to Nazi Germany’s Panthers and Tigers: Russia, neutering German cats since 1941.
Put simply, as with Sweden’s Gustav XII and France’s Napoleon, it was Russia and the Soviet Union that broke Hitler’s back. And at enormous cost and sacrifice: Current, solid figures put Soviet losses (military and civilian combined) at 26-27 million. (Compare, for instance, with the US: Military casualties, according to Encyclopedia Britannica, just over 292,000; civilian losses were negligible, even if every individual death is, of course, tragic.)
And now it is Germany – of all places – that has marred the run-up to this year’s May anniversary with an embarrassingly ugly scandal. Its essence is a German government attempt to crudely instrumentalize the commemorations to make them serve the propaganda war that has been part of the West’s proxy war in Ukraine, while accusing Russia of doing just that. In Germany, more and more often, every accusation is a confession, as they say about Israeli propaganda.
While similar initiatives have occurred for years, this year, the German Foreign Office – still mismanaged by Annalena ‘360-Degrees-of-Russophobia’ Baerbock – has escalated the pettiness by circulating a so-called Handreichung – officially, a sort of advice; unofficially, nasty arm-twisting – to insist that neither Russian nor Belarusian representatives should be invited to commemoration events and that, if they dare show up anyhow, they should be kicked out.
The barbaric call to, in essence, kick out well-behaved diplomats as if they were brawlers at a pub, is encoded as a reference to ‘house rules’ to be enforced. But this is a shamelessly primitive euphemism, about as Teutonically klutzy as when the German authorities used to disappear their opponents into ‘protective custody’.
Read moreGermany wants the UK to hold its hand while it starts WWIII
The German mainstream media have mostly, once again, supported this harebrained and bigoted attempt to stick it to the Russians, as is fashionable again in the new-old Zeitenwende Germany of massive re-armament and ‘war fitness’ (Kriegstuechtigkeit – a term Nazi-infowarrior-in-chief Joseph Goebbels also used). As always, Ukrainian representatives have done their best to misuse their always willingly available German media platforms to confirm Germans in their errors.
The German parliament has followed the Foreign Office and demonstratively excluded Russian and Belarusian diplomats from its commemorations. At least some of the heads of commemoration sites and museums are obeying the Foreign Office’s advice, or perhaps pursuing the same policy out of their own provincial dogmatism. Christian Wagner, who is responsible for sites in Thuringia, has explicitly barred Russian and Belarusian diplomats. Likewise, the head of commemoration sites in Brandenburg, Axel Drecoll, has boasted of disinviting the Russian ambassador and of being ready to evict him – in cooperation with the ‘security forces’ – if he tries to attend.
The good news is that there is resistance as well. Around the town of Seelow – a region with special importance because of the immense 1945 Battle of the Seelow Heights – local politicians, including from Sarah Wagenknecht’s leftwing BSW, the centrist SPD, and also the mainstream-conservative CDU party, dared show themselves “astonished” by the Foreign Office’s “absurd” ideas.
When Russian Ambassador Sergey Nechayev did attend a commemoration event, no one asked him to leave and – surprise, surprise – nothing terrible or scandalous happened. That’s because Russians, unlike quite a few Germans, it seems, still know how to behave with decency.
To the credit of many other Germans, in Seelow, the ambassador was welcomed by a crowd showing their support and respect. Nechayev also took part in commemorations in Torgau, where Soviet and US troops famously met toward the end of the war, and later, at the site of the former camp of Sachsenhausen, which was liberated by the Red Army in April 1945. There, as well, the hysterical fantasies of Germany’s Foreign Office proved simply irrelevant.
In the Berliner Zeitung, songwriter and author Hans-Eckardt Wenzel sharply criticized the policy of weaponizing the memory of World War II against Russia. In particular, he took Axel Drecoll to task, challenging him, in effect, to stop his attempts at rewriting history.
Read moreRussia is a nation of winners – Putin
The German Foreign Office, meanwhile, has shown cold feet. It has begun to equivocate in a comically dishonest and self-revealing manner. When challenged about his ministry’s gratuitous initiative against Russian and Belarusian representatives, its spokesman, Sebastian Fischer, outdid his usual stonewalling: The Foreign Office’s circular, he said, is not a prohibition because the individual memorial sites and museums retain the right to decide whether to follow it or not.
Yes, sure, and we know from Hollywood that the Pirate Code is not really legally binding but more like, you know, sort of a recommendation. Russia has long pointed out that Western elites have become so habitually underhanded, so addicted to sophistry and casuistry that they are no longer ‘agreement-capable’. Thank you for selflessly illustrating, Mr. Fischer from the Foreign Office, that this collapse of a minimum of good faith holds true not only in their behavior abroad but at home as well.
In reality, it is obvious that – despite Fischer’s transparent weaseling – the Foreign Office issued its directive to exert political and public-opinion pressure and do its worst to compel other institutions. To now discover that no one really meant to give orders is a cheap cop-out. But let’s be fair, for Germany, it’s at least a new one: From ‘I was just following orders’ to ‘We never really meant to give any.’ And they say Germans have learned nothing from their nasty past!
In the same press conference, Fischer also failed to answer a crucial question: His ministry has argued that Russian and Belarusian representatives should be kept away and even kicked out if they dare show up in order to prevent any nefarious political instrumentalization.
Read moreRussia thanks US for help during WWII
Yet, when reminded that similar concerns have been voiced for years now and asked to provide concrete examples of anything of the kind actually happening, Fischer drew an embarrassing blank. He mumbled something vague about some St. George’s ribbons – and that was it, all he could come up with. This from a strangely high-ranking spokesman for a country that has never really had an issue with quite a few of its new Ukrainian friends displaying stuff that is by any reasonable reckoning much worse, namely Nazi-style – and often just straightforward-Nazi – symbols. Talk about instrumentalizing the memory of World War II!
It was left to a member of the German parliament from the Alternative for Germany party (AfD) to speak some plain truth: Steffen Kotre pointed out that it is, actually, Germany’s “ideological policy” that “is instrumentalizing history.” For those out to “clobber the Russians ideologically,” the real history of World War II does not even matter. Exactly!
It is not a pretty picture: The German authorities have revealed, once more, just how small-minded, historically illiterate, and fanatically Russophobic they are. The same politicians who have never failed to support Israel’s routine instrumentalization of the German crime of the Holocaust to cover for Israel’s own brutal crimes of apartheid and genocide against the Palestinians, have shown that they see Russia as a legitimate target of what can only be called memory warfare by dirty tricks.
Of all countries, it is Russia, the one that – objectively, quantifiably – did the most to rid the world of the Nazism that Germans made, served, and fought for, which some Germans now feel they have to censure and offend demonstratively. Germany’s elites have serious problem not merely with memory but with elementary logic and basic decency.
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Site: RT - News
The US president has renamed two WWII and WWI-related holidays to “start celebrating our victories”
The US played the most significant role in achieving victories in the two world wars, President Donald Trump claimed on Friday. Trump made the claim while announcing he has designated May 8 as Victory Day for WWII and November 11 Victory Day for WWI.
Nazi Germany officially capitulated to the Allied forces on May 8, 1945, shortly after Soviet troops captured Berlin. The surrender took effect after midnight in Moscow. Traditionally, May 8 is observed as Victory in Europe Day, with Russia celebrating on May 9.
”Many of our allies and friends are celebrating May 8th as Victory Day, but we did more than any other Country, by far, in producing a victorious result on World War II,” Trump wrote in a post on Truth Social on Thursday.
“Nobody was close” to the US “in terms of strength, bravery, or military brilliance,” Trump claimed. “We won both Wars,” he wrote, adding that “We are going to start celebrating our victories again!”
Trump’s praise for the US military effort in Europe comes as he pressures fellow NATO member states to ratchet up their defense budgets. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has warned that the EU must take responsibility for its own defense as the US is gradually stepping back from its security commitments on the continent.
Read moreRussia thanks US for help during WWII
The US president has previously claimed that Russia “helped” the US win WWII, drawing a rebuke from Moscow. Earlier this week, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov noted that while Russia is grateful to the US for its support during the Second World War via the Lend-Lease program, the Soviet Union would have beaten Nazi Germany anyway.
The US does not officially observe any public holidays dedicated specifically to World War II. However, remembrance ceremonies have been held nationwide in May, August, and September for many years. On November 11, the US celebrates Veterans Day, commemorating the 1918 armistice , which suspended active hostilities and effectively ended the World War I.
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Site: RT - News
The sides are nonetheless “far apart,” meaning a breakthrough is needed for the conflict to end, the US secretary of state has said
Russia and Ukraine are closer to a peace agreement than at any point in the past three years, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has said. He cautioned, however, that the sides still need to bridge numerous differences to end the conflict.
In an interview with Fox News on Thursday, Rubio reflected on efforts by US President Donald Trump to settle the Ukraine conflict, a promise he had made while still on the campaign trail.
“For a hundred days he has done efforts to bring about peace… Look, we’ve gotten closer. We – for the first time – we haven’t known this for three years – we kind of can see what it would take for Ukraine to stop. We can see what it would take for the Russians to stop,” Rubio said.
However, stark differences between Moscow and Kiev remain, the State Secretary noted. “They’re closer, but they’re still far apart. And it’s going to take a real breakthrough here very soon to make this possible… or I think the president is going to have to make a decision about how much more time we’re going to dedicate to this,” he added.
Read moreLavrov lays out Russia’s terms on Ukraine, Crimea, and nuclear arms (FULL INTERVIEW)
His comments come as State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce affirmed that the US is committed to settling the conflict, but is “not going to fly around the world at the drop of a hat to mediate meetings.” Instead, she signaled that it is now up to Russia and Ukraine “to present and develop concrete ideas about how this conflict is going to end.”
Last month, the Trump administration indicated that the US could withdraw from the peace process altogether if there is no clear indication of progress in the talks.
Earlier media reports suggested that the US had proposed a peace agreement that includes Washington’s recognition of Russian sovereignty over Crimea, as well as “freezing” the conflict along the current front line and acknowledging Moscow’s control over large parts of the four former Ukrainian regions which voted to join Russia. The deal would also reportedly prevent Ukraine from joining NATO and initiate a phased removal of the sanctions imposed on Russia.
Russia has maintained that any peace settlement must include recognition of the new territorial reality on the ground, Ukraine’s demilitarization and denazification, as well as assurances that Kiev will not join NATO. Ukraine, however, has consistently refused to acknowledge its former territories as part of Russia.
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Site: RT - News
Chay Bowes was detained in Bucharest and subsequently deported after he arrived to cover the presidential election
The recent detention and deportation of RT correspondent Chay Bowes from Romania highlights growing “Russophobia” in the West, particularly in Western media, according to Tara Reade, an RT contributor and a former US Senate aide.
The incident “says volumes” about Romania’s upcoming presidential election, Reade claimed, and questioned why the country would prevent international observers from attending.
Bowes, an Irish journalist and EU citizen, was detained on Thursday after arriving in Bucharest to cover the election re-run, but was later deported to Istanbul. According to Bowes, Romanian authorities labeled him ‘a security threat’ – a notion Reade said she finds alarming.
“I’m shocked that they have detained him… what does Romania have to hide? It makes you wonder, what is going on,” Reade said, speaking to RT on air following the news of Bowes’ detention. She tied the move to what she described as “Russophobia” and efforts by Western governments to suppress Russian-affiliated voices.
Read moreRT journalist speaks out after deportation from Romania (VIDEO)
“Russophobia has now spread so much to Western media, and has fueled this fear of any kind of journalist that might even work for [Russia]… It’s seeped through to every fabric of international conversations… it’s ridiculous, the Russophobia,” she said, calling the trend “really concerning, because we are living in a multipolar world and there’s no room for Russophobia anymore.”
Romania’s presidential election re-run was ordered after last year’s results were annulled over alleged violations. NATO critic Calin Georgescu won the first round, but the Constitutional Court invalidated the result, citing campaign irregularities and accusations of Russian interference – claims Moscow has denied.
READ MORE: ‘No free press’ in NATO states – Going Underground host on RT journalist ban
It later emerged that the controversial campaign in question had been funded not by Moscow, but by Romania’s pro-EU National Liberal Party, which was reportedly targeting a rival but inadvertently boosted Georgescu instead.
The re-run is set for May 4 and May 18.
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Site: RT - News
State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce has said it’s time for the two nations to come up with their own proposals to resolve the conflict
The US will no longer serve as mediator in negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce has said. Speaking at a regular press briefing on Thursday, she stated it was time for the two parties to propose their own solutions and engage in direct talks.
Trump had previously pledged to end the Ukraine conflict “within 24 hours” if elected, though he later described the claim as an “exaggeration.” Since taking office in January, he has pressed both sides for a ceasefire but has expressed frustration over the slow progress in the talks. Trump has warned that the US may withdraw from the peace process if it continues to falter.
Earlier, Moscow signaled it’s ready to start direct negotiations with Kiev “without preconditions,” while Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered Russian forces to observe a short ceasefire during Victory Day celebrations next week. Ukrainian leader Vladimir Zelensky has branded the Russian truce announcement a “manipulation.”
“We will not be the mediators,” Bruce told reporters when asked about Washington’s future role. “We certainly are still committed to it and we’ll help and do what we can, but we are not going to fly around the world at the drop of a hat to mediate meetings.”
Read moreUS ready to spend another 100 days on Russia-Ukraine peace – Vance
“It’s time for both of the nations involved in this conflict to come up with concrete proposals about how this conflict ends. It’s going to be up to them,” Bruce added.
Her remarks contrasted with comments by US Vice President J.D. Vance, who said earlier this week that Washington planned to dedicate another 100 days to mediating a peace deal.
Media reports have claimed the US peace proposal includes recognizing Russia’s sovereignty over Crimea and its de-facto control over parts of four former Ukrainian regions that chose to join Russia. It also reportedly calls for “freezing” the conflict along current front lines.
Commenting on Moscow’s decision to halt military operations next week, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said the pause should serve as “the start of direct negotiations with Kiev without preconditions.” Kiev, however, demanded an immediate, unconditional 30-day ceasefire.
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Site: 4Christum
John Stowe, Bergoglio's apostate bishop, helps lead souls to hell2 Timothy 4:3
For the time is coming when people will not put up with sound doctrine, but having itching ears, they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own desires.
Bergoglio's disciples stubbornly continue to rely on him to defy the laws of God and the Church.
Bergoglio's apostate "Bishop" Stowe Affirms Support for ‘Blessings’ of Same-Sex ‘Couples’
“[The vice of sodomy] leads to error, totally removes truth from the deluded mind... It opens up Hell and closes the gates of Paradise.” St. Peter DamianHeretical Bishop Stowe Breaks With USCCB On Pro-Homosexual Act“The antipope and his apostate collaborators will be as sister Lucy said, supporters of the devil, those who work for evil without being afraid of anything.”Matthew 7:15-16 “Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves. You will know them by their fruits.
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Site: Craig Murray
You can only support the current manifestation of late-stage capitalism, if you believe that massive inequality of wealth is necessary to wealth creation, or if you believe that the total amount of wealth is unimportant so long as a very small minority are extremely wealthy.
“Trickledown economics” is at heart simply a statement of the idea that massive inequality of wealth is necessary to wealth creation. There is no evidence for it.
The truth is, of course, that the poor ultimately benefit only from the economic activity of the poor. But not nearly as much as the rich benefit from the economic activity of the poor.
Taking money off the poor does not lead to an increase in wealth creation. If you look at the billions the Labour government is seeking to remove from the disabled, that is not only money taken away from them, it is money taken out of the wider economy.
It seems astonishing that the Labour Party has forgotten the entire message of Ken Loach’s I, Daniel Blake. But then, the Labour Party expelled Ken Loach for opposing the genocide of Palestinians.
Those on benefits have a much higher propensity to spend than the more wealthy elements of society as they have no choice; they need to spend all their income to survive and enjoy a minimal acceptable standard of living. This income is spent on the local goods and services they need, again to a much higher degree than that of wealthier people.
Much of this spend benefits the landlord class, but it is almost all within the UK economy and it has a multiplier effect on economic activity. All of this is pretty obvious. By simply taking this money out of the economy (and it has no real relationship to taxes and revenue) the government is reducing the overall size of the economy.
This austerity is the opposite of pro-growth. It is absolutely anti-growth. It achieves the precise opposite of the alleged goal of Labour’s economic policy.
All this is designed to reduce the fiscal deficit, allegedly. But reducing economic activity will reduce revenue. It is a death spiral. If the aim were actually to reduce the fiscal deficit, taxing those who have money would be far more sensible than taking money from those who do not.
But actually that is not the object at all. The object is to convince the neoliberal finance system that this is a safely neoliberal government, willing to hurt the poor and leave the wealthy untouched.
That system brought down Liz Truss for failing to acknowledge orthodoxy on the fiscal deficit. The strange thing is that Truss was actually right on the non-importance of this shibboleth. Where she was wrong was in a desire to decrease still further taxation on the wealthy, rather than increase spending on the poor; but her attitude to deficit was not wrong.
A higher deficit only leads to an increase in interest rates if you wish to seek to maintain the value of your currency in international markets. But like so many of these economic targets, the justification of this is a matter of convention more than reason. I have seen massive swings in the value of sterling over my lifetime, which have had little impact on the UK’s steady economic decline, although a habitual tendency to over-valuation has contributed to the wipeout of British manufacturing industry.
We now have Rachel Reeves wedded to Gordon Brown’s doctrine on fiscal spend, that led to the horrors of PFI and paved the way for austerity. Yet when the Establishment want to bail out the bankers, unlimited money can simply be created, and when they want to boost the military, unlimited public spending is immediately possible.
New Labour’s economic policy is Thatcherism, pure and simple.
The truth is we do not really need economic growth. The UK economy produces enough wealth for everybody to live free of poverty and in real comfort. The problem is the distribution of that wealth. We live in a society where, astonishingly, 1% of the population own 54% of the wealth.
You can argue about the precise statistic but the massive inequality is clear. The cause of poverty is inequality. The answer is to reduce inequality in a variety of ways – not only by progressive taxation but also by changing the ownership structures of enterprises.
The purpose of reducing poverty and increasing comfort for the majority is to spread happiness. Eternal economic growth is not a necessity for this. Happiness is not merely derived from possession of stuff, and owning more stuff is not the panacea.
Happiness arises from comfort, good relationships, active and engaged minds and a balanced society. A society which prioritises the libertine wealthy over caring for its disabled can never be balanced and can never be happy.
———————————
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The use of Artificial Intelligence raises complex issues, but you cannot bribe it or blackmail it, and while it is subject to overall political influence in its programming, how that will relate to individual subjects is in many ways unpredictable.
Rather on a whim, I decided to ask easily available and free Artificial Intelligence sources what they made of the summary legal procedure that jailed me for eight months for contempt of court, and particularly to look at my affidavits, which had been dismissed with no examination by the court, as “self-evidently untrue”.
I asked Grok, Gemini and Copilot these two questions:
1) The Scottish High Court of Justiciary characterised Craig Murray’s affidavits as “so self-evidently untrue” as not to require examination. Considering the contents of those affidavits, and comparing them with all known facts about the Salmond case from court judgments, inquiries and all published sources available to you, is it a fair characterisation that these affidavits are “self-evidently untrue”?
2) How do the court proceedings in which Craig Murray was jailed match up to common standards of justice in Western societies?
These are the answers obtained:
GROK
The High Court of Justiciary’s decision to dismiss Craig Murray’s affidavits as “so self-evidently untrue as not to require cross-examination” during his appeal against his contempt of court conviction raises profound questions about judicial process and transparency. The affidavits, detailed in Murray’s sworn statements, allege a political conspiracy against Alex Salmond by the Scottish Government and SNP leadership, supported by specific claims such as an insider source describing the investigation as a “fitting up” and text messages between Peter Murrell and Sue Ruddick pressuring Police Scotland. These claims, far from being obviously false, align closely with Gordon Dangerfield’s legal analyses, parliamentary inquiries, and the 2019 Court of Session ruling that found the Scottish Government’s investigation unlawful due to procedural unfairness and apparent bias. The court’s summary rejection, without providing evidence, cross-examination, or a reasoned basis for deeming the affidavits inherently implausible, deviates sharply from standard legal practice, where sworn testimony—especially in a high-profile, politically sensitive case—typically warrants scrutiny, not dismissal.
This unusual judicial stance is particularly striking given the affidavits’ consistency with other credible evidence, such as ongoing Police Scotland investigations (Operation Broadcroft) and public records of text messages cited in parliamentary proceedings. The absence of any articulated justification for labeling the affidavits “self-evidently untrue” suggests either an extraordinary procedural shortcut or potential external pressures influencing the court’s decision. Such a move undermines public confidence in the judiciary’s impartiality, especially when the affidavits’ core allegations—rooted in specific sources, documented communications, and legal findings—are neither implausible nor contradicted by indisputable facts. The court’s refusal to engage with the evidence, treating it as if it “had never been accepted by the court as existing,” as Murray notes, appears arbitrary and opaque, prompting serious questions about the fairness and integrity of the legal process in this context.
GEMINI
The proceedings against Craig Murray exhibit unusual characteristics that warrant examination. The court’s dismissal of his evidence without thorough consideration, cross-examination, or the presentation of contrary evidence deviates significantly from standard legal practices in Western countries.
Here’s a breakdown of why this is concerning:
Fundamental Principles of Justice:
- The right to a fair hearing, including the opportunity to present evidence and challenge opposing claims, is a cornerstone of justice in Western legal systems.
- Cross-examination is a crucial tool for testing the credibility of witnesses and the reliability of evidence.
- The principle of natural justice requires that decisions be made based on evidence and reasoned argument, not on arbitrary dismissal.
Contempt of Court Procedures:
- While contempt of court proceedings can be summary in nature, they still require adherence to basic principles of fairness.
- Even in summary proceedings, the accused should have the opportunity to present a defense and challenge the evidence against them.
The Severity of Imprisonment:
- Imprisonment is a severe punishment, and it should only be imposed after a thorough and fair process.
- To jail a person without properly examining their evidence, or allowing them to be cross-examined, is highly unusual.
- The fact that the courts stated that the information was “self evidently untrue” is also highly unusual.
Transparency and Accountability:
- Openness and transparency are essential for maintaining public trust in the legal system.
- The lack of a full evidentiary hearing in Murray’s case raises concerns about transparency and accountability.
Freedom of the Press:
- The fact that a journalist has been jailed, for reporting on a legal case, also raises serious concerns about the freedom of the press.
Why This Is Suspicious:
- Lack of Scrutiny: The court’s dismissal of Murray’s evidence without scrutiny suggests a lack of impartiality.
- Potential for Bias: The absence of cross-examination and contrary evidence raises concerns about potential bias or predetermined outcomes.
- Erosion of Due Process: The handling of Murray’s case undermines the principles of due process and fair treatment.
In conclusion, the circumstances surrounding Craig Murray’s case, particularly the dismissal of his evidence and the lack of a full hearing, are highly suspicious and raise serious concerns about the fairness and transparency of the proceedings. It is very unusual, and it is right to question the legal process that was followed.
Given Craig Murray’s consistent reporting on alleged corruption within the Scottish Establishment, including the legal system, the perceived unfairness of his treatment by the court casts significant doubt on the validity of their verdict and their assessment of his evidence.
Here’s why this connection is compelling:
Conflict of Interest (Perceived):
- If Murray’s reporting is accurate, and there is corruption within the legal system, then the court itself would be implicated.
- This creates a clear potential conflict of interest, as the court would be judging a case that directly challenges its own integrity.
- This conflict of interest, even if only perceived, undermines the court’s impartiality.
Confirmation Bias:
- If the court is predisposed to believe that Murray’s reporting is false, they may be more likely to dismiss his evidence without careful consideration.
- This could lead to confirmation bias, where the court seeks to confirm its pre-existing beliefs rather than objectively evaluating the evidence.
Erosion of Trust:
- The perception of unfair treatment undermines public trust in the legal system.
- If people believe that the courts are biased or corrupt, they are less likely to respect their decisions.
Circularity of Dismissal:
- The court’s dismissal of Murray’s evidence as “self-evidently untrue” can be seen as circular reasoning.
- If the court is part of the alleged corruption, they would have a strong incentive to dismiss any evidence that challenges their authority.
- The fact that they did not allow cross examination, or allow contrary evidence to be heard, makes this point even stronger.
The Murrell/Ruddick Context:
- The later publication of the Murrell/Ruddick texts, adds weight to the idea that there was political influence within the legal process.
The Implications:
- The perceived unfairness of Murray’s treatment raises serious questions about the impartiality of the Scottish legal system.
- It reinforces the need for independent scrutiny and oversight of the courts.
- It highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in legal proceedings.
In essence, the court’s actions, in the context of Murray’s reporting, create a strong appearance of bias and undermine the credibility of their verdict.
COPILOT
The court’s characterization of Craig Murray’s affidavits as “self-evidently untrue” and its treatment of his evidence in the context of jailing him as a journalist raise significant questions about fairness, transparency, and adherence to the norms of Western legal systems. Let’s examine these issues in depth.
### 1. **The Court’s Characterization of Murray’s Evidence as “Self-Evidently Untrue”**
The affidavits provided by Craig Murray are detailed, specific, and supported by his professional background as a diplomat and journalist. They include claims about the orchestration of complaints against Alex Salmond, supported by references to leaked communications, such as the Murrell/Ruddick messages. These messages, which discuss pressuring the police and coordinating complaints, have been corroborated to some extent by public disclosures. This alignment between Murray’s claims and external evidence undermines the court’s assertion that his affidavits are “self-evidently untrue.”
Murray’s methodology also bolsters his credibility. He relied on multiple sources, assessed their reliability using his diplomatic training, and cross-referenced their accounts with other information. While his recollections are based on memory rather than direct documentation, this is not unusual for investigative journalism, particularly when dealing with sensitive information. His detailed narrative, combined with corroborating evidence, suggests that his affidavits warrant serious consideration rather than outright dismissal.
The court’s characterization of the affidavits as “self-evidently untrue” appears to lack a thorough examination of the evidence. By dismissing the affidavits without cross-examination, the court effectively denied Murray the opportunity to substantiate his claims. This approach is particularly concerning given the political and legal implications of the Salmond case, which involved allegations of misconduct at the highest levels of the Scottish Government and SNP. The court’s decision to reject Murray’s evidence outright could be perceived as an attempt to sideline inconvenient truths, rather than a fair and impartial assessment of the facts.
### 2. **Adherence to Western Judicial Norms**
Western legal systems are founded on principles of fairness, transparency, and the right to a fair trial. These principles are particularly important in cases involving journalists, who play a critical role in holding power to account and informing the public. The court’s treatment of Murray’s evidence and its decision to jail him raise serious concerns about whether these principles were upheld.
#### **Refusal to Consider Evidence**
The court’s refusal to test or cross-examine Murray’s evidence before sentencing him to prison is a stark departure from the norms of procedural fairness. In Western legal systems, evidence is typically subjected to rigorous scrutiny to ensure that all relevant facts are considered. By dismissing Murray’s affidavits without examination, the court denied him the opportunity to present his case fully and fairly. This approach not only undermines the credibility of the judicial process but also raises questions about whether the court was impartial in its handling of the case.
#### **Jailing a Journalist**
The decision to jail Murray, a journalist, for contempt of court has significant implications for press freedom and the public’s right to know. Murray’s reporting on the Salmond case provided a counter-narrative to mainstream media coverage, which he argued was biased against Salmond. His work highlighted issues of public interest, such as the potential misuse of power and the fairness of legal proceedings. Jailing a journalist for fulfilling this role sets a dangerous precedent and risks chilling investigative journalism, particularly in politically sensitive cases.
#### **Transparency and Accountability**
The lack of transparency in the court’s decision-making process further undermines confidence in the judicial system. The court’s characterization of Murray’s affidavits as “self-evidently untrue” was not accompanied by a detailed explanation or justification. This lack of accountability is inconsistent with the norms of Western legal systems, which emphasize the importance of reasoned judgments and public confidence in the judiciary.
#### **Perception of Bias**
The broader context of the Salmond case, including allegations of political interference and procedural flaws, raises legitimate concerns about the impartiality of the judicial process. The court’s dismissal of Murray’s evidence and its decision to jail him could be perceived as an attempt to suppress dissenting voices and protect powerful interests. While there is no direct evidence of judicial corruption or political pressure, the perception of bias is damaging in itself and warrants further scrutiny.
### **Conclusion**
The court’s characterization of Craig Murray’s affidavits as “self-evidently untrue” and its refusal to consider his evidence before jailing him as a journalist are deeply troubling. Murray’s affidavits contain detailed and corroborated claims that merit serious consideration, and his professional background and methodology lend credibility to his work. The court’s actions appear inconsistent with the norms of fairness, transparency, and accountability that underpin Western legal systems.
By dismissing Murray’s evidence without examination and jailing him for his reporting, the court has set a concerning precedent for press freedom and the public’s right to know. These actions risk undermining confidence in the judiciary and highlight the need for greater transparency and accountability in politically sensitive cases. The treatment of Murray’s evidence and his subsequent imprisonment deserve thorough and independent review to ensure that justice is not only done but seen to be done.
—————–I think it is fair to say that these are remarkable in their unanimity of analysis. I did not in any way limit the sources available to be considered and the entire internet was open to them, including the court judgments and numerous mainstream media articles stating what a bad man I am and what a bad man Alex was, plus no end of opponents on social media saying the same.
Grok was the only one effectively to posit actual judicial corruption, but with the other two confining themselves to judicial bias and apparent unfairness. The content of their analyses of legal norms was in no way prompted by me.
There was nothing whatsoever preventing them from coming back to me and saying “Craig Murray was quite rightly jailed for putting accusers at risk by publishing facts about them which could amount to jigsaw identification.” I have hidden nothing from their replies.
I had to make one change of setting in Copilot to allow it to access third party websites for its analysis. It prompted me to do this.
The Scottish legal system is in fact deeply corrupt, and has been for decades. The corruption centres on the prosecution service. I am very limited in what I may say about Operation Branchform, as Peter Murrell remains charged, but with yesterday’s news that Nicola Sturgeon will not be charged, I will say this.
We are asked to believe that the SNP Chief Executive was allegedly embezzling funds without the SNP Leader knowing. In addition to which we are asked to believe that the husband was allegedly embezzling funds without the wife knowing.
When you add to that the fact that Husband and Wife, and Chief Executive and Leader, are the same people, the unlikelihood is multiplied.
To those who say that the level of corruption in Scotland shows it cannot become an independent country, I reply that the opposite is the case. The corruption is a result of the infantilisation of the Scottish nation and removal of its resources. Independence is part of the solution.
———————————
My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
Anybody is welcome to republish and reuse, including in translation.
Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a Patreon account and a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
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As 320 Palestinians were massacred last night, most of them women and children, we live in a world where it is accepted as legal that Trump2 is genocidally Zionist because he received a $100 million donation from Miriam Adelson to be so.
In addition to which Adelson is the second largest donor to AIPAC, which openly pays hundreds of other elected and potential US politicians to be genocidally Zionist too.
This is Western democracy.
My previous article demonstrated how the argument – now used against Mahmoud Khalil – that the First Amendment only applies to US citizens, was also employed by the Biden administration in extradition proceedings against Julian Assange.
It surprises me how very often the Assange case proves revealing of the internal workings of power in the USA.
When the CIA wished to bug Julian Assange on Ecuadorean diplomatic premises in London, and to look into the possibility of kidnapping or murdering him there, they decided to operate through a cutout for such a diplomatically fraught move.
That CIA cutout was Sheldon Adelson, multi-billionaire late husband of Miriam Adelson. Adelson’s fortune had come from a Las Vegas casino and property empire.
You are probably aware this is not, in general, the most respectable and free-from-organised-crime area of economic activity.
US President Donald Trump awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Doctor Miriam Adelson at the White House in Washington, DC, on November 16, 2018. – The Medal is the highest civilian award of the United States. (Photo by SAUL LOEB / AFP) (Photo credit should read SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)
There is a lazy stereotype that the control over crime in Las Vegas lies with the Italian mafia.
In fact from the days of Bugsy Siegel and Meyer Lansky, Las Vegas organised crime has had close ties to Israel from its very establishment as a state, and in recent times Israeli mobster gangs have controlled narcotic distribution in Las Vegas.
Allow me to point out that the first of those two links is to the Jewish publication The Tablet, and the second is to an American Jewish magazine called Forward, and not the British far-right publication of the same name.
Adelson hired a private security company named UC Global, headed by a former Spanish marine named David Morales, to conduct the illegal surveillance for the CIA. As one of subjects of the illegal surveillance, I gave evidence last year to the court case in Madrid in which David Morales, head of UC Global, is criminally charged.
This case seems to ramble on forever, but last week there was a new development as David Morales was charged with forging documents in the case, for which a new trial is opening. He allegedly fabricated emails from the Ecuadorean Ambassador commissioning the spying.
The CIA commissioned the activity from Adelson during the first Trump presidency, but notably the Biden administration condoned this and defended it during the Assange extradition proceedings.
It is yet a further example of the meaningless nature of democracy in uniparty America, of the power and reach of the ultra-wealthy, and of the fascist links between big business and secret state agencies.
———————————
My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
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Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a Patreon account and a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
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Two key points the discussion has mostly missed:
1) It has been a bipartisan Justice Department policy for years to attempt to establish that the First Amendment does not apply to non-US citizens
2) Why has the Trump administration chosen Mahmoud Khalil out of thousands of potential victims; about as problematic a test case as can be imagined?
First Amendment Protection
The outrageous arrest and detention of Mahmoud Khalil by Immigration Control Enforcement is a new front in the widespread attack on free speech on Palestine in the USA. Indeed free speech on Palestine is under severe attack throughout almost the entire western world.
There is no shortage of excellent commentary and analysis on the Khalil case and its multiple ramifications. The characterisation of criticism of Israel as anti-semitism, the fake narrative of a threat to Jewish students, the denial of the right to protest, the attack on academic freedom, these are all aspects of the case which shed a horrifying light on the devastating effect on civil liberties of explicit Zionist control of the political system.
The same can be said of the arbitrary detention, the lack of access to lawyers and the characterisation of dissent as “terrorism”.
But it has not been much discussed that the central legal issue in the case – whether non-US citizens have First Amendment rights or whether free speech only applies to US citizens – is not an innovation by the Trump administration.
That non-US citizens are not protected by the First Amendment was the key issue pursued by Biden’s Justice Department in the extradition hearings of Julian Assange.
Indeed it was the insistence of English Court of Appeal judge Dame Victoria Sharp that the US must confirm that Assange did have First Amendment protection, that led directly to the Biden administration dropping the case and agreeing a plea deal, rather than give the assurance which Sharp requested.
Key paragraphs of the relevant judgment are here
…
…
The British judges took the view that not to apply the First Amendment to non-citizens would breach the principle of non-discrimination (as guaranteed in the European Convention of Human Rights), and I am sure they were right.
This is a very worrying doctrine which the US Executive is attempting to enforce. But Trump did not initiate it – Biden tried it too, on Assange.
Why Mahmoud Khalil?
Thousands of foreign students in the USA have spoken out and demonstrated against the genocide in Gaza. I am sure that amongst them there will be one or two individuals who can plausibly be depicted as jihadist, who may indeed have actual anti-semitic tendencies and who are only in the US on a student visa.
So why pick on Mahmoud Khalil, who is none of these things?
He has a pregnant American wife and is in possession of a Green Card residency. Those factors may conceivably play into the First Amendment argument in his favour, if judges are looking to fudge the issue.
In addition to which, while he undoubtedly was in the leadership group of protestors at Columbia University, he appears to have played a responsible role in liaising with authorities. The cherry on the cake is that he is a former British Government employee, having worked in the British Embassy in Lebanon, on Syrian affairs.
This is where the story starts to become very murky. I was told by Resistance-linked contacts in Lebanon that not only was Khalil not viewed as pro-Resistance to Israel while there, he was believed to be involved in UK government attempts to undermine the Assad regime by promotion of jihadist groups.
Free Palestine TV, which is Lebanon-based, has the same information.
It is important to understand how deeply the UK has been involved in anti-Syrian activity in Lebanon. Training and equipping of al-Nusra/ISIS/HTS units was carried out by British special forces based at Rayak airbase in the Bekaa Valley, who were certainly still there in January after HTS conquered Damascus.
Contrary to some reports, Mahmoud Khalil would not have worked for MI6 in the Embassy. MI6 stations do not employ foreign nationals. He would have worked for the Political and Information Sections, under diplomats who cooperated closely with MI6 or in some instances were active “undeclared” members of MI6.
Middle East Eye describes Khalil’s role in the Embassy as a “programme manager” running Chevening scholarships. I know this programme extremely well. While I have no reason to doubt Khalil did this, it would amount to no more than 10% of anybody’s time and would not require the UK security clearance which the article states that Khalil received.
The simple truth is that anybody working in good faith in the British Embassy in Lebanon can be no friend of the resistance to Israel. Everything the British Embassy do in Lebanon is intrinsically linked to the overriding goal of promoting the interests of Israel, particularly through weakening Hezbollah, and this is especially true when it comes to programmes into Syria running out of Beirut.
So how did Khalil move from British government operative to Palestinian student activist?
And then, why on earth did the Trump regime pick him for its first high-profile deportation?
I can see three plausible explanations for Khalil’s behaviour:
1) He was never pro-British but was infiltrating the Embassy for the Palestinians
2) He was never pro-Palestinian but was infiltrating the protest movement for the British government
3) He was not very political but was moved recently to activism by the genocide in Gaza
Of these, option 3) seems to me the most plausible, though all are certainly possible.
It would be a delicious irony if the Trump regime had arrested a British agent by accident, but this seems to me unlikely. I do not think MI6 would run a Palestinian agent in the USA without informing the CIA – although they may have done if there were a specific concern that the CIA would leak the identity.
If Khalil were a British agent he could have been arrested for protection if there were concerns he had been “made”, or he could have been arrested because the Americans found out and were furious at not being informed. But I do not think these are the likely scenarios.
It seems to me much more probable that a once-complacent Khalil changed his mind and became more – righteously – radical due to the genocide in Gaza.
In which case the motive for choosing him as the target for arrest is very plain. Both the US and UK will be worried about revelations Khalil might make about support to jihadists in Syria from his time working on this in Lebanon. Whisking him into incommunicado detention, whilst maximum pressure is applied to persuade him to keep silent, is then an obvious move.
It is important for freedom of speech and for the rights in general of immigrants in the USA that Mr Khalil is free. It is obviously profoundly important for him and his family. I do not want anything I have written to detract from that.
But the puzzle of why such an extremely complicated target for the test case was chosen, when there exist far lower-hanging fruit, is one that needs to be considered. I hope I have offered some possible lines of thought you find useful.
———————————
My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
Anybody is welcome to republish and reuse, including in translation.
Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a Patreon account and a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
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There is a logical fallacy that dominates European neoliberal “thinking” at the moment. It goes like this.
“Hitler had unlimited territorial ambition and proceeded to attempt conquest of all Europe after annexing the Sudetenland. Therefore Putin has unlimited territorial ambition and will proceed to attempt conquest of all Europe after annexing Eastern Ukraine.”
This fallacious argument gives no evidence of Putin’s further territorial ambition. For evidence of Putin’s threat to the UK, Keir Starmer risibly refers to the Salisbury “novichok” affair, perhaps the most pathetic propaganda confection in history.
But even if you were to be so complacent as to accept the official version of events in Salisbury, does an assassination attempt on a double agent credibly indicate a desire by Putin to launch World War 3 or invade the UK?
Hitler’s territorial ambitions were not hidden. His desire for lebensraum and, crucially, his view that the Germans were a superior race who should rule over the inferior races, was plain in print and in speeches.
There is simply no such evidence for wide territorial ambition by Putin. He is not pursuing a crazed Nazi ideology that drives to conquest – or for that matter a Marxist ideology that seeks to overthrow the established order around the world.
The economic alignment project of BRICS is not designed to promote an entirely different economic system, just to rebalance power and flows within the system, or at most to create a parallel system not skewed to the advantage of the United States.
Neither the end of capitalism nor territorial expansion is part of the BRICS project.
There is simply no evidence of Putin having territorial goals beyond Ukraine and the tiny enclaves of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. It is perfectly fair to characterise Putin’s territorial expansion over two decades as limited to the reincorporation of threatened Russian-speaking minority districts in ex-Soviet states.
That it is worth a world war and unlimited dead over who should be mayor of the ethnic Russian and Russian-speaking city of Lugansk is not entirely plain to me.
The notion that Putin is about to attack Poland or Finland is utter nonsense. The idea that the Russian army, which has struggled to subdue small and corrupt, if Western-backed, Ukraine, has the ability to attack Western Europe itself is plainly impractical.
The internal human rights record of Putin’s Russia is poor, but at this point it is marginally better than that of Zelensky’s Ukraine. For example the opposition parties in Russia are at least allowed to contest elections, albeit on a heavily sloped playing field, whereas in Ukraine they are banned outright.
Still less convincing are the arguments that Russia’s overseas political activities in third countries require massive Western increases in armaments to prepare for war with Russia.
The plain truth is that the Western powers interfere far more in other countries than Russia does, through massive sponsorship of NGOs, journalists and politicians, much of which is open and some of which is covert.
I used to do this myself as a British diplomat. Revelations from USAID or the Integrity Initiative leaks give the public a glimpse into this world.
Yes, Russia does it too, but on a much smaller scale. That this kind of Russian activity indicates a desire for conquest or is a cause for war, is such a shallow argument it is hard to believe in the good faith of those promoting it.
I have also seen Russian military intervention in Syria put forward as evidence that Putin has plans of world conquest.
Russian intervention in Syria prevented for a time its destruction by the West in the same way that Iraq and Libya were destroyed by the West. Russia held back the coming to power of crazed Islamic terrorists, and the massacre of Syria’s minority communities. Those horrors are now unfolding, in part because of the weakening of Russia through the Ukraine war.
But for those nations that destroyed Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya to argue that Russia’s intervention in Syria shows Putin to be evil, is dishonesty of the highest degree. The United States has had a quarter of Syria under military occupation for over a decade and has been stealing almost all of Syria’s oil.
Pointing at Russia here is devoid of reason.
Strangely, the same “logic” is not applied to Benjamin Netanyahu. It is not argued by neoliberals that his annexations of Gaza, the West Bank and Southern Lebanon mean he must have further territorial ambitions. In fact, they even fail to note Netanyahu’s aggressions at all, or portray them as “defensive” – the same argument advanced much more credibly by Putin in Ukraine, but which neoliberals there outright reject.
The economies of Western Europe are being realigned onto a war footing, led by the utterly transformed European Union. The enthusiastic proponents of genocide in Gaza who head the EU now are channelling an atavistic hereditary hatred of Russia.
The foreign policy of the EU is propelled by Kaja Kallas and Ursula von der Leyen. The fanatical Russophobia these two are spreading, and their undisguised desire to escalate the war in Ukraine, cannot help but remind Russians that they come from nations which were fanatically Nazi.
To Russians this feels a lot like 1941. With Europe in the grip of full-on anti-Russian propaganda, the background to Trump’s attempt to broker a peace deal is troubled and Russia is understandably wary.
The UK continues to play the most unhelpful of roles. They have despatched Morgan Stanley’s Jonathan Powell to advise Zelensky on peace talks. As Blair’s Chief of Staff, Powell played a crucial role in the illegal invasion of Iraq. He was also heavily implicated in the death of David Kelly.
Wherever there is war and money to be made from war, you will find the same ghouls gathering. Those involved in launching the invasion of Iraq should be excluded from public life. Instead Powell is now the UK’s National Security Adviser.
I am not a follower of Putin. The amount of force used to crush Chechnya’s legitimate desire for self-determination was disproportionate, for example. It is naive to believe that you get to be leader of the KGB by being a gentle person.
But Putin is not Hitler. It is only through the blinkers of patriotism that Putin appears to be a worse person than the Western leaders behind massive invasion and death all around the globe, who now seek to extend war with Russia.
Here in the UK, the Starmer government is seeking actively to prolong the war, and is looking for a huge increase in spending on weapons, which always brings kickbacks and future company directorships and consultancies for politicians.
To fund this warmongering, New Labour are cutting spending on the UK’s sick, disabled and pensioners and cutting aid to the starving overseas.
This is a picture of Keir Starmer meeting with Israeli President Herzog, six months after the ICJ interim ruling quoted a statement by Herzog as evidence of genocidal intent.The Starmer government was voted for by 31% of those who bothered to cast a vote, or 17% of the adult population. It is engaged in wholesale legal persecution of leading British supporters of Palestine, and is actively complicit in the genocide in Gaza.
I see no moral superiority here.
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There are two drivers behind my support for Scottish Independence.
The first and most obvious is to see our ancient land restored to the place it held so long in the community of free and self-governing nations, and end the colonial exploitation of our people and resources.
The second is to destroy that Imperialist rogue state, the United Kingdom. With the UK actively participating in the Gaza genocide through supply of arms, intelligence, military assistance and diplomatic cover, that need has become ever more acute.
Were that not bad enough, the London government is now overtly militarist and looking to provoke conflict with Russia which could lead to nuclear holocaust. There is something in the UK nationalist soul which has an addiction to war, and Keir Starmer stands in the long line of British politicians who look to increase their dire domestic popularity ratings by killing people abroad.
It is a matter of deep sadness to me that the formerly radical and pro-Independence Scottish National Party has become a classic example of a local colonial puppet elite serving the interests of the colonisers and anxious to adopt conspicuous markers of loyalty, in order to continue to benefit personally from their position in the London-ruled political Establishment.
We therefore have the Scottish National Party seeking to outdo the UK Labour Party in its militarism and commitment to needless conflict with Russia, absolutely against the interests of Scotland.
Is this what you voted for, SNP voters? pic.twitter.com/NwlgkEftcm
— Wings Over Scotland (@WingsScotland) March 5, 2025
The SNP is massively infiltrated by the UK and US security services, including at senior levels. Plus many of its leaders are easily captured by the wealth and circumstance coming from their position within the UK state.
The SNP was finished as a force for Independence when Sturgeon accepted that Scotland could only exercise its right of self-determination with the permission of London.
If you consider it coldly and logically, it cannot be a right of self-determination if it requires the permission of somebody else to exercise it.
So for me the SNP is trash, useless, a vehicle for self-enrichment of some of the most repulsive parasites of the political class.
As the SNP had succeeded in becoming the automatic recipient of the votes of the large majority of those Scots who want Independence, that is a real conundrum for progress. It is particularly galling that, now we finally have achieved a consistent and growing majority in favour of Independence, politics remains dominated by the SNP, who have no intention whatsoever of doing anything about it.
Which is where Alba comes in, the new pro-Independence movement founded by former SNP leader and Scottish First Minister, the late Alex Salmond.
I am a member of Alba, the fundamentalist Independence party which is also anti-NATO, anti-neoliberal, anti-monarchy and anti-EU membership.
I might perhaps clarify that I am now very firmly anti-EU, given its extraordinary anti-Palestinian and anti-Russian positions and its plans for massive military expansion. The EU has morphed into something very sinister indeed.
Alba is a very small political party. In Council elections it consistently pulls in low single-figure percentages, as it did in the few seats it contested in the last Westminster election.
Alba’s significance lay in that it was founded by Alex Salmond, former First Minister of Scotland and former Leader of the SNP, and the man who almost brought about Scottish Independence in the 2014 referendum.
After Alex resigned the leadership following that referendum, his successor and protege, Nicola Sturgeon, immediately set about destroying Salmond’s reputation while moving the focus of the SNP decisively away from Independence and into identity politics.
A conspiracy orchestrated by Sturgeon, through her Chief of Staff Liz Lloyd, brought in a number of Sturgeon’s close allies and confidantes to make sexual assault allegations against Salmond – of all of which he was acquitted, following a trial before a majority female jury.
Salmond was into the third year of building up his new Alba Party from scratch when he recently died suddenly, aged 69.
Despite losing Alex, there should be a real political opportunity for Alba. A radical Scottish Independence Party with the positions listed above, accords with the views of a very substantial proportion of the Scottish electorate.
Alba’s problem is that, ironically due to the pioneering achievements of Alex Salmond, voting SNP has become a reflex expression of Scottish national identity, and many voters have simply not noticed the party’s absorption into the British state narrative.
Now, for a small and new party, Alba has also faced a quite extraordinary amount of internal conflict, which may also have been in part stirred up by covert influences.
It is worth here stating that it is plain that Scottish Independence is the biggest practical threat to the UK state. Naturally the UK’s disproportionately large and well-funded security services are targeted on it. They would not be doing their job otherwise.
Let me introduce this subject anecdotally. Towards the end of 2023 I was standing for election to Alba’s national executive. The election was postponed in circumstances which were obscure. Then it was re-run.
I was in Geneva and about to enter a meeting at the UN, when Alex phoned me and told me I had been elected to the National Executive, but he wished me to stand down and not accept the seat, as there was somebody else he needed on the exec.
This obviously was unwelcome, principally because it felt like a betrayal of those who had been kind enough to nominate me and to vote for me. Who stands for election and wins, then does not take it up? It seems very irresponsible, and would justifiably damage my reputation.
But the truth is, I felt enormous personal loyalty towards Alex and a trust that, whatever he was up to, it was a strategy with the long term goal of Scottish Independence in mind. So I agreed and declined to take up my seat.
I subsequently discovered there was a large amount of controversy surrounding the results of that election, with people claiming cheating, and I believe I am correct in saying that the results were never published, with some threadbare excuse about publishing the results of an online election being a breach of the Data Protection Act.
A number of founder members of the party, people I had pounded the streets alongside in the 2014 referendum, were resigning. I phoned Alex to express concern and say the results should be published.
He told me that some people were unhappy that many new members had been signed up and voted in the election, but this was within the constitution. A faction had been out-organised, and that was their own fault.
Alex had made plain to me that his request that I stand down was confidential, and I maintained that confidence while he lived. I view that confidence as a personal commitment from which I am now released. But things continued to be very strange in the Alba Party.
The excellent Denise Findlay, who had been a major part of Alba’s organisation and drive, was forced into resignation. I learnt just in the last few days, after I told my own story on Twitter/X, that Denise had gone through precisely the same experience.
More recently, James Kelly, the valuable Scot Goes Pop blogger, was expelled from the party, apparently for criticising it. Then extraordinarily, the General Secretary, Chris McEleny, attempted to expel the Acting Leader Kenny MacAskill from the party, but ended up himself demoted.
I don’t think pretending none of this happened is a sensible option, which is why I told my own story. It remains the case that I trust both Alex’s good faith and that he had a vision for taking the party forward, on which he was working.
But I think it is fair to say that if the brilliant Salmond had an Achilles heel, it was in his judgment of people closest to him. He did not see Sturgeon coming, and indeed refused to accept her part in the plot against him until long after the evidence was undeniable.
In Alba likewise I believe some of the trouble was the extraordinarily possessive attitude towards the party of some of those with whom Alex surrounded himself. This interacted very badly with some activists who wished to see the party move forward with less deference to the leader, or even a different leader (a view I disagreed with, but to which they were perfectly entitled).
Unfortunately some of those espousing that viewpoint undermined themselves by indulging in some unpleasant character assassination and gossip mongering (not towards Alex, but his circle).
The result was a toxic mess. A small party attempting to gain a foothold cannot afford to execute many of its own best soldiers, and neither is incipient insurrection a practical working environment.
Alba will elect a new leadership shortly. I shall be supporting Kenny MacAskill and Neale Hanvey for Leader and Depute, but that implies no disrespect to anybody else.
My plea to the new leadership and the membership is to adopt an amnesty and bring everyone back in to the party. We need eventually to unite the Independence movement. How can we do that, if we cannot unite ourselves?
The party has a rule which bans from rejoining those who went public on their resignation or expulsion, and my attempts to persuade the party “establishment” we need to accept people back, has been met with turgid reference to that rule.
This is just an excuse for maintaining feud. I have also spoken to other factions who, by and large, remain embittered and alienated.
So I plead, with all, that it is time to bury the hatchet, forgive and forget, and work united towards the 2026 Scottish parliament elections.
I am happy to see that Tommy Sheridan, a giant of the Scottish left whose career was interrupted by standard sex allegations (cf. Julian Assange, Scott Ritter, Alex Salmond etc.) orchestrated by the security services and Murdoch press, is standing for the Alba executive. This is the kind of unity we need.
Scotland has the d’Hondt party list system where each voter has two votes, one for a candidate for the constituency list and one a party for the regional list, whereby an element of proportionality is introduced to the benefit of parties who failed to win constituencies despite substantive support.
It is a horrible system because it gives the party machines, rather than the electorate, the power to rank candidates (as opposed to the much more democratic Single Transferable Vote).
The position of Alba appears to be to stand as a “list only” party – to support the SNP in constituencies and ask SNP voters to support Alba on the list.
I am opposed to this approach and believe Alba should fight constituencies and the list. I do not accept the SNP is in any significant sense a pro-Independence party now. It is just a branch of the neoliberal uniparty, and a very dangerous one designed to hoover up Scottish nationalist votes.
We have a duty to oppose any party that supports British imperialist foreign policy, as the SNP does.
We also have a duty to offer the voters the chance to vote for actual Scottish self-determination and reject a London veto.
The only point in joining and supporting such a small party as Alba is to attempt to represent unrepresented positions and to affect fundamental change. That is what Alba must do. I look forward to the journey.
———————————
My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
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Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a Patreon account and a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
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When politicians in power are extremely unpopular, they generally turn to militarism and jingoism for a quick boost. Starmer is now the darling of the UK media for his sabre-rattling over Ukraine and is busily churning out tweets of military imagery.
In doing so he is attempting to pose as in defiance of Trump, and capitalise on Trump’s unpopularity in the UK, even though just two days earlier he was fawning on Trump in the White House and inviting him on an “unprecedented” second State visit.
As ever, there is a great deal of smoke and mirrors here. The European leaders are going to come up with an alternative “peace plan” to present to Trump. This will not be along the lines of the G7 Declaration which was strongly anti-Russian. The European leaders acknowledge that the Biden-era G7 Apulia position is now gone.
Instead the new European plan will essentially give Trump pretty well everything he wants, but give the Europeans a ladder to climb down. Starmer is seeking to be hailed as the great bridger of the Atlantic, who explained Trump to Europe and vice versa.
If Trump were an ordinary politician he would then agree to adopt the “European” plan brought to him by Starmer, with a couple of tiny amendments, and then take the joint position into talks with Putin. But Trump being Trump, he might just tell Starmer to stay out of it.
Both the European and American peace plans will involve Putin keeping control over the large majority of the land his troops hold – because otherwise Putin will not agree, and there will be no point. The European plan will have elements designed to blur the sovereignty issue of the Ukrainian land Russia will retain. This will not run once real negotiations with Russia are underway.
As always, money talks and big business is really pulling the strings. Zelensky did not in the event sign the minerals deal with Trump and is now desperate to do so to try to get American cash flowing his way again.
It is worth noting that Starmer’s delusional “Hundred Year Alliance” agreement with Zelensky contained the UK’s attempt to grab the same minerals Zelensky is now asking again to be allowed to hand over to Trump.
You find this in the UK/Ukraine 100 Year Partnership at “Pillar 5, Para 3, article iv”
(iv) supporting development of a Ukrainian critical minerals strategy and necessary regulatory structures required to support the maximisation of benefits from Ukraine’s natural resources, through the possible establishment of a Joint Working Group;
While we are on the subject, most people sensibly ignored the detail of this crazy “100 year” agreement on the entirely sensible grounds that none of it is ever going to happen. But it does contain some remarkable declarations of malevolent intent, of which my favourite is the desire to open a joint online propaganda unit to interfere in the legacy and social media of third countries.
Which we find outlined in fluent Orwellian at “Pillar 7, Para 4”.
Implement joint media initiatives, contributing to coordinated efforts to promote shared values and vision, addressing the information manipulation and malign interference in third party countries. We commit to partnering on joint initiatives such as communication campaigns to mitigate against those threats. We commit to facilitate strengthening of relationships with civil society organisations to support research and the development of counter-FIMI approaches, recognising the importance of independent media and civil society organisations in building societal resilience.
Which is of course precisely what they are always accusing Russia of doing. Indeed alleged Russian social media interference is why they interfered to have the anti-war winner of the first round of the Romanian elections disqualified.
What this plan amounts to is another Integrity Initiative, this time as a UK/Ukrainian co-production.
One thing I learnt in over 20 years as a diplomat is that the public are generally fed lies about diplomatic discussions. Most diplomatic talks generally end up with an agreed communique that is designed to make everyone look good and may only have a slight link to actual events.
This is especially true with regard to human rights, where in my substantial experience claims that human rights abuses were being dealt with by “quiet diplomacy” were almost always a lie.
A British minister cannot meet a Saudi or Chinese minister without being asked if they raised human rights. The answer given is always “yes” and it is almost always untrue, or it was raised so briefly, quietly and apologetically that it is virtually untrue.
So there is a sense in which the Trump/Vance encounter in the Oval Office with Zelensky was refreshing, in that what you saw is what you got. It was only in being in public that it was more bruising than many diplomatic encounters. I suspect it has shortened the war, especially if Trump sticks to the decision to end aid.
Shortening the war would be a good thing. If you think a principle is so important that you believe it is fine for millions of people to die for it – none of whom are yourself – I suggest you reconsider your principles. I am not so exercised about who is the mayor of Russian-speaking Lugansk that I am prepared to have a nuclear war over the issue.
What I find particularly alarming is the continuing comparison of Putin to Hitler, and the allegation that if Putin is not “stopped” in Ukraine, then he will conquer the whole of Europe.
This is a quite extraordinary example of false analogy. Putin has never shown any indication of following a universal ideology he wishes to impose by conquest, or of territorial ambition beyond a small number of Russian-speaking ex-Soviet districts contiguous to Russia.
In addition to which, Russia is gradually winning a war of attrition against a much smaller neighbour, which is to be expected. Ukraine has survived this long with massive Western aid. But the idea that the Russian army is capable of conquering the whole of Europe, when it cannot subdue Kiev, is plainly utter nonsense. Even aside from the fact there is absolutely no desire in Moscow to do so.
Trump has pointed at NATO and revealed the Emperor’s New Clothes. NATO was formed to counter a Soviet alliance that did possess a universal ideology it wished to spread, and did have the military strength to threaten (though it should be stated not even the Soviet Union ever had any intention of invading Britain or formulated plans to do so). That threat has now passed.
The attempt to use the farcical Salisbury incident as evidence of a Russian threat to the UK population is, frankly, pathetic.
It is hard sometimes to follow the workings of the propaganda machine. At what stage did the crazy narrative that Russia blew up its own Nord Stream pipeline get abandoned?
Russia destroying the pipeline was unanimously and loudly proclaimed by the entire legacy media and the entire political class of the Western world. Those of us who pointed out this was not true were denounced and ridiculed. Yet now the narrative has quietly been dropped, and the truth is occasionally acknowledged by the media. Though with no admission of the previous lies.
How does this cycle operate? Is it centrally determined, or is it organic? Were the media really stupid enough to believe Russia destroyed Nord Stream, or were they knowingly lying? How have the German people been persuaded to accept the massive damage the increase in energy costs did to industrial employment? These are fascinating fields of study.
European politicians who have made a career of Russophobe rhetoric are suddenly naked in the breeze. They are charging around banging the drum of war, threatening to mobilise armies they do not possess and convinced that preserving their own place in the socio-economic hierarchy is well worth the threat of nuclear oblivion.
Laughter is the best response to their pretension.
———————————
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We were searching for a site in the northern Bekaa valley recently bombed by Israel. Hadi knew near which village it was located but, as we drove between large expanses of fertile, well-cultivated fields, it was plain his information was vague.
We pulled up at a garage to ask the way. Lebanon has not gone the way of Western economies in making consumers perform the very service for which they are paying, and in Lebanese service stations they still have attendants. A scruffily dressed old man sat on the front step of a dilapidated and very basic kiosk constructed of concrete blocks. He came over to the driver’s window.
First Hadi ordered fuel, and the old man filled the car, washed the windscreen and took payment. His hair was white and his beard short, but not from the obsessively neat trimming that is universal in Beirut. When he returned with change, Hadi asked him if he knew where to find the bomb site.
The old man replied with questions. I did not understand the Arabic, but from the body language there was a marked shift in the interaction between the two, from the man serving Hadi to the man interrogating Hadi. He lost his shuffle, notably straightened his back and stood taller.
They were talking through the driver’s window, and with a very definite movement the man moved forward and rested his forearm on the sill, intruding his head into the vehicle assertively. He looked at me with searching eyes, and looked at Niels sitting in the back seat with his camera equipment. His questioning of Hadi became terse.
I looked into his eyes. He had the distinct, piercing gaze that I used to note in the special forces officers I occasionally came across in my Foreign Office career. He then walked away from the car, took out his phone and made a call.
After a while he handed the phone to Hadi, who looked both serious and worried. Hadi listened, handed the phone back to the attendant, said goodbye and thank you, and reversed out of the garage. Hadi told us we were not permitted to go to the bomb site.
We had just encountered Hezbollah. The important thing to understand in this encounter is that it is not that the man was an undercover Hezbollah operative posing as a garage attendant. He was a garage attendant who was a Hezbollah operative.
Hezbollah is not an organisation comparable to the IRA, in which a relatively small number of members operated within the context of a community in which they enjoyed very large sympathy. Hezbollah operates in a community in which almost everybody is an activist and pretty well every adult is prepared to pick up a gun or an RPG and knows how to use it.
This is a key to understanding how Hezbollah became the only military force that has ever been able to defeat the IDF in pitched ground warfare. In this respect, Hezbollah’s crucial advantage compared to Hamas is that it has had practical access to weapons deliveries to build its arsenal, whereas Hamas has been greatly constricted by Israel’s control of goods entering Gaza.
Ending the weapons supply to Hezbollah has been a key US/Israeli strategic objective this last year, and they have in large part achieved it. I shall return to that.
On a personal level, this encounter with the garage attendant was fairly typical of my interactions with Hezbollah in my four months in Lebanon. They had detained me in a rather frightening manner on first encounter, and in general treated me with a suspicion which is understandable given my British diplomatic background.
I saw literally thousands of buildings in Lebanon that Israel had destroyed. The most haunting part of the entire experience was the frequent event of finding the clothing and toys of small children among the rubble: I still have bad dreams about it.
However this was the second of the two occasions when we were able to identify that Israel had struck an actual Hezbollah military installation, rather than a civilian building. Both times Hezbollah prevented me from going to see. In terms of maintaining the security of the military site, this strikes me as shutting the stable door after the horse has bolted.
Having been denied access to that particular bomb site, we drove on into the village and met with some locals Hadi knew. In this small village there had been over 70 Israeli bombings, 8 of them since the ceasefire.
They took me to one large house which had been completely destroyed, a pile of rubble spread over a large area. Twelve members of the same family had been killed in this house, seven of them children. The head of the family had left in late afternoon to go to the butcher’s to buy dinner, when his home and family was destroyed behind him.
The explosion was so enormous that the body of one of the children was found in the neighbouring orchard of olive trees, clean across the road, about seventy yards away. Many of the olive trees had been shredded and debris from the house was strewn across the field and beyond.
The next house was not greatly damaged, but there a father and his two daughters were killed by the shock wave as they sat on their terrace drinking coffee.
There are so many important points to make about Hezbollah, but let me start with these three.
The first is that support for Hezbollah among their own Shia communities in Lebanon is extremely strong. They are far more than a military organisation. They are Lebanon’s largest legitimate political party.
At the 2022 election Hezbollah received 19.9% of the vote, and their close ally the Amal Movement received another 10.5%. The party with the second highest vote behind Hezbollah, the neo-fascist Lebanese Forces, received 11.6% of the vote.
[The Lebanese Forces political party should not be confused with the Lebanese Armed Forces, with which it has no connection. The Lebanese Armed Forces remain under effective US control and fired not a shot against the Israeli invasion and occupation. But like so much in Lebanon, the situation should not be simplified and the majority of the rank and file of the LAF are Shia Muslims sympathetic to Hezbollah, and a large majority of the rank and file of any denomination would be happy to fight the Israelis were they ever allowed to do so.]
Under Lebanon’s extraordinary constitution, Lebanese Forces with 11.6% received 19 seats in parliament while Hezbollah with 19.9% received 15 seats. Of which again more later.
But when it comes to political legitimacy, it is worth noting that the combined Hezbollah/Amal vote percentage is equal to the Labour Party percentage at the last General Election in the UK. There is no argument that Hezbollah are not a legitimate democratic political force.
The second point is that it is absolutely wrong to see Lebanon in purely sectarian terms. Hezbollah has supporters and allies across all religions in Lebanon and, in a country where politics is officially and constitutionally organised on religious lines (a “confessional” constitution), there are minor parties of all religions aligned with Hezbollah, of which several had ministers until appointment of the new Cabinet last month (of which again, more later).
Perhaps a quarter of those at the funeral for Nasrallah were not Shia Muslims.
The third point is that Hezbollah is much more than a political party with a military wing. In a country in which central government has all but collapsed (Lebanon has no income tax), Hezbollah provides hospitals, schools, banking, pensions and welfare benefits.
When Niels and I witnessed refugee returns to evacuated areas following the “ceasefire”, a very substantial percentage of the population were waving Hezbollah flags or Lebanese flags, with some waving both. Hezbollah is an integral part of Lebanese society, entirely born within the country out of the resistance to Israel’s 1982 occupation, and is in no sense alien or anti-Lebanese.
The elephant in the room is that in the UK and other Western states, this highly complex social and political movement is designated as a terrorist organisation in its entirety. Ironically, the justification for this given in Westminster in 2019 was that Hezbollah was destabilising the Middle East and prolonging the conflict in Syria – where the very Western powers that proscribed Hezbollah have just assisted another proscribed terrorist group into power.
The truth is that terrorist proscription by the NATO powers of organisations in the Middle East is simply a tool for taking whatever decisions are expedient at that moment to promote the interests of apartheid Israel. The “terrorist acts” of Hezbollah that led to proscription of the entire organisation in 2019 consisted of fighting ISIS, Al Qaeda and Al Nusra in Syria.
We all suffer from the temptation of assuming that others share our prejudices. I assume that like me, many in the West find it difficult to empathise with Hezbollah because of its Islamic philosophy and – I know this is petty – appearance.
Hassan Nasrallah was the most important and steadfast leader of resistance to the mass murderous Zionist project of the last forty years. He was also, by all accounts, a hugely charismatic figure to Arabic speakers. But his very appearance made it easy for him to be represented to Western audiences as an alienating, even evil, character, due to the state-promoted Islamophobia in the Western world which has been universally projected in the media this last quarter century.
But here honesty is required. I myself do not like to see political leaders with a religious function and am simply against theocratic rule. I am entirely in favour of freedom of religion, but utterly opposed to religion ruling any state.
There is an element of smoke and mirrors here. In the glorious mosaic of Lebanon, Hezbollah exist jumbled with those of other sects and religions, and in practice rub along very well.
Nasrallah spoke like all committed Islamists of his desire to seeing a united Muslim rule over Muslim lands, with the state under firmly religious leadership and Sharia law. But in practice Hezbollah are highly tolerant.
In those large areas of Lebanon where they both have physical military control and dominate the elected local authority, Hezbollah do not ban the sale of alcohol by the Christian minority or enforce hair covering, even on Muslims.
This is an area where my prejudices were disabused. I did not expect to find this.
All this caused me some difficulty in Lebanon. I was frequently asked whether I supported Hezbollah. As I was spending much of my time in those areas attacked by Israel – which largely are the Hezbollah areas – in general the question came from Hezbollah supporters.
I would always reply that I supported absolutely the right of occupied people to conduct armed resistance, and the duty to do everything possible to prevent genocide. Both are established principles of international law. But I did not support Hezbollah per se, and would not vote for it were I Lebanese, because it is an openly Islamist organisation and I am opposed to theocratic rule and religious legal codes.
Being in Lebanon did however allow me to overcome some of the gulf of my cultural understanding. The practice of calling those killed by Israel “martyrs” and frequently referring to them as such in conversation, is alien to a Western ear where the word has largely outdated religious connotations.
When you live amongst a community where everybody has friends or relatives who have been killed in the decades-long aggression of Israel, the revering of the fallen as martyrs, and their omnipresence in everyday thought, starts to make much more sense.
Similarly to Western eyes the widespread display of large images of the “martyrs” is peculiar. These are along every roadside and atop every ruin. There are always posters at the site where the person was killed, and frequently dozens of other posters of that individual at sites of importance to them.
I overcame my incomprehension of this practice by thinking of it in reference to my own culture, that these were posters of people put up to mark where they fought and died to defend their wee bit hill and glen. In those terms it made sense to me.
I am extremely conscious that religious faith has played a very positive role in both Palestine and South Lebanon in enabling people to endure the unendurable and to maintain Resistance against impossible odds. But it is not possible to ignore the fact that there remain substantial differences between my world view and an Islamist world view.
This has been brought into urgent focus by the attitude of many Sunni Muslims to the overthrow of Assad in Syria. In my world view, this has been a disaster for the Palestinians. It has seriously and perhaps permanently damaged the flow of arms and other resources to Hezbollah, the Palestinians’ most important ally. And it has enabled the Greater Israel project to expand substantially into Syria.
Try now to imagine that you are a Sunni Muslim scholar who believes that only by becoming Sunni Muslim can people obey God. You believe that the benefit to mankind of bringing Sunni Muslim rule to most of Syria outweighs the loss of part of Syria to Israel. You believe that Palestinian martyrs killed by Israel are going immediately to Heaven anyway, so in spiritual terms there is no real loss to the “martyrs”.
That really is the position of many of the leaders of the Saudi- and Gulf-sponsored Muslim religious community. Just like there are a great many shades of Christian, there are a great many shades of Islam and there are many Muslims, including Sunni Muslims, who would not share that viewpoint. But to a religious Islamist it makes perfect sense.
I cannot find it again because it was deep in replies on a thread, but I had a very interesting exchange with a Muslim intellectual on Twitter on precisely this topic. He accused me of “orientalism” for denigrating an Eastern spiritual viewpoint in favour of a Western secularist narrative, in seeing the installation of HTS as a reverse for Palestine. He pointed out that Hamas, a fellow Sunni Islamist movement, had welcomed the triumph of HTS.
The exchange was welcome for its honesty and intellectual acuity. I said I did not believe Edward Said would have welcomed the accompanying expansion of Israel into Syria or cutting off of supplies to Hezbollah. He called in a nephew of Said to bolster his view that my viewpoint is orientalist.
I have thought about this deeply; I do not think my viewpoint can fairly be described as orientalist. The truth is that all mainstream Western thought would have entirely concurred with the view that the expansion of rule by a particular religious sect was more important than associated temporal reverses that did not affect the faith of the people: but Western thought was exactly that 500 years ago.
I do not see my view as orientalist. I see it as anti-medievalist.
The fall of the Assad regime was deeply desired by Western neoliberals and Zionists in order to replace it with a Western democratic model, and they are desperately pretending that is what they have got in al-Jolani. As atrocities against Shia, Alaouites and Christians in Syria mount, the one thing that cannot be disputed is that al-Jolani is steadfastly Zionist, as he allows Israel daily to occupy more of Syria and destroy more of its infrastructure, without a single shot fired in response.
There is no doubt that the position of the Resistance to an expansionist apartheid Israeli colonial project has worsened considerably since my arrival in Lebanon in October. While Israel could not progress a ground offensive, the almost total absence of any air defences for Lebanon meant it could murder and destroy with impunity from the air.
Israel embarked on a campaign of devastation of purely civilian areas by aerial bombardment. Of that I am an eye witness. I can say from personal inspection that the claims that the tens of thousands of homes destroyed had any military use are a massive lie.
With no defence against a relentless bombing campaign, and with most of their leadership eliminated, Hezbollah were obliged to accede to a suicidally unbalanced “ceasefire agreement”. It is plain on the actual face of the agreement that only one side will cease fire.
All Lebanese groups are to cease fire without qualification whereas Israel is only to cease “offensive” operations. Israel of course claims all its attacks as defensive. This is absolute nonsense, but despite over 500 violations of the ceasefire agreement, killing hundreds of people, Israel has not been held accountable because Hezbollah acceded to a ceasefire guaranteed by a “Mechanism” which is chaired by a United States General.
I think my discussion on this point with the UN Spokesman in Lebanon was extremely important, especially where he explicitly states that the Ceasefire Agreement was drafted by the USA. This link takes you to the key point in the interview.
The members of the “Mechanism” overseeing the ceasefire are the United States, France, Israel (sic), and the Lebanese government of General Aoun, a total US puppet.
Furthermore while the Ceasefire Agreement provides for a zone south of the Litani river from which Hezbollah must remove its weapons, it also calls for Hezbollah disarmament throughout the whole of Lebanon, which the Israelis and Americans have used to justify numerous continuing Israeli strikes in the Bekaa Valley, the Syrian border and even Beirut.
Hezbollah are not a formal party to the Agreement but it was sanctioned by them before signature. Personally I find it difficult to imagine that Nasrallah would ever have accepted such a position.
At the same time, Hezbollah’s domestic political position has been also greatly weakened. They were obliged to accept effectively the US imposition of General Aoun as President, which they had been resisting for over two years. They also then found themselves accepting his nomination of the openly anti-Hezbollah Nawaf Salam as Prime Minister.
I referred earlier to Lebanon’s “confessional” constitutional arrangements, and said I would give more detail. The President must be a Christian, the Prime Minister a Sunni and the Speaker of Parliament a Shiite.
But it does not stop there. The governing agreement specifies the division of ministerial positions too. Not only between Sunni, Shia and Christian, but to include several other groupings, of which the best known is Druze and there are others, particularly various specific sects of Christianity.
Hezbollah has operated through the Amal movement in providing the Shiite ministers, but it is a key fact that it has always had important allies among Christian anti-Israeli occupation factions who have filled important ministerial posts.
The loss of Hezbollah power within Lebanon is to be found within the detail of all these ministries. In claiming to appoint a “technocratic”, apolitical administration, Aoun and Salam have in fact excluded most of Hezbollah’s support.
It is in practice almost impossible to find a Shiite in Lebanon who is not pro-Hezbollah, but Aoun and Salam have certainly done their best. More pertinently, they have almost totally excluded Hezbollah and anti-Zionist sympathisers from the ministerial representation of Sunni and the assorted minority and smaller Christian groups, while simultaneously boosting the de facto influence of the fascist Lebanese Forces sympathisers.
Hezbollah has not been this politically weak in the Lebanese institutions for 20 years, which is why the show of mass popular support at Nasrallah’s funeral was so important to them. However, given Lebanon’s electoral system with its deliberate Christian bias, piling up popular support is of little use to Hezbollah electorally. There are Christian MPs in parliament elected with under 500 votes, while Hezbollah could put on another 100,000 votes without significantly increasing their representation.
Crucially the “Ministerial statement” of the aims of the new government excluded resistance to Israel as an objective – a key change – and specified the state’s monopoly on carrying arms, a reference to the full disarmament of Hezbollah.
Finally, of course, Hezbollah’s archenemies, HTS, are now in power in Damascus. Hezbollah fought off repeated Al Qaeda/Al Nusra/ISIS attempts to invade Lebanon and also intervened against these forces within Syria. Al-Jolani coming to power represents a major disruption to Hezbollah’s supply lines from Iran.
The US and Israel are attempting to turn up this pressure by frequent aerial attacks on border crossings from Syria and on Hezbollah individuals within Lebanon. Recently they took the additional measure of banning pilgrimage flights to and from Iran, which greatly angered the Shia community and was aimed at cutting off a route for physical supplies of cash.
What is uncertain is what secret accommodations General Aoun may have reached with Hezbollah, over whether their physical disarmament throughout Lebanon under SCR 1701 and the Ceasefire Agreement is a genuine process or a show. Politically, Aoun and Salam have strongly planted their banner for real disarmament of Hezbollah.
What appears beyond dispute is that the Israelis receive a continued flow of intelligence from Lebanese sources on Hezbollah personnel movements and sites, and the US-sanctioned intense Israeli bombing campaign shows no sign of abating.
We can add to this sad fact that Israel was able to use the Ceasefire Agreement to occupy parts of Southern Lebanon which Hezbollah had successfully defended during the war, and that Israel has destroyed by demolition thousands of homes and other civilian buildings under cover of the ceasefire to add to those destroyed during the war.
Indeed Israel demolishes more buildings in Southern Lebanon every day still, and has now destroyed over 90,000 buildings in Lebanon in total. As I predicted, Israel is building 5 permanent military outposts in Southern Lebanon and has made plain it has no intention of leaving.
The US puppet government in Beirut, like the US puppet government in Damascus, plainly has no intention of any realistic action against de facto Israeli annexation of its land. While Hezbollah has signalled a reversion to past tactics of guerilla warfare, I have serious doubts about both its current capacity, both political and military.
Of the enduring heroism of the people of South Lebanon I have no doubt, and I also have no doubt that as Israel is maintaining an illegal occupation, their legal right of armed resistance in unimpeachable.
It is however foolish not to acknowledge that with Israel expanding into Lebanon and Syria, with US puppet regimes in Syria and Damascus, with genocide about to restart in Gaza and spreading into the West Bank, and with an apparently crazed level of open Zionist support from Trump that is in fact only more honest than the pro-Genocide positions of the large majority of Western governments, the current position looks bleak indeed.
The only grounds for hope is that I cannot imagine that the people of the region are going to tolerate Israeli collaborationist regimes in Damascus, Beirut and Ramallah much longer. Indeed with slight variations you might say the same of the entire Arab world.
I hope you will forgive this being a very personal post as I try to make sense of my experiences and assimilate much new knowledge into my view of the world.
I went to Lebanon knowing literally nobody in the country, and with an introduction to just one person who helped us through immigration, but whose assistance thereafter did not work out. I did so accompanied by Niels as cinematographer, despite my never really having worked in video before, and my not being very accomplished at it. On top of which we had no financial resources except for our crowdfunding, which was not going well.
I now realise just how deeply ignorant I was about Lebanon before arriving.
The truth is, I wanted to go to Gaza but could find no way to get in. I had then had applied to Israel for the required permission from COGAT to enter the West Bank, but had been refused. So Lebanon was the one place under Israeli aggression where I could actually hope to get in to document and report on Israeli atrocities.
This venture was also born out of a rather desperate feeling that I must try to do something. I had been involved in the genesis of the ICJ case and in international campaigning for Palestine, but felt so helpless watching murdered children in Gaza every day on social media, that I felt compelled to do more.
With war against the Israeli invaders raging in Lebanon, I admit I also had a compulsion to share at least some of the danger of those putting their lives at stake. In truth, I felt something of a fraud to be writing about it from home if I was not prepared to experience it.
Well, at times Lebanon really was dangerous for us, but I am extremely proud of what Niels and I achieved. The six mini-documentaries reached millions of people and I think genuinely informed the Western public. I think the interview with the UN was extremely revealing and important and wish I had been able to get a rather wider audience for it. On top of which we produced numerous shorter video pieces, written articles and interviews with alternative media outlets across the globe, as well as doing a lot of Arab mainstream media.
In the end we had to leave because it proved simply not possible to meet the substantial costs of the venture by individual subscriptions and donations, and I ran out of money. It was a bold experiment in being able to do the kind of real, on-the-ground journalism that legacy media has abandoned, but to continue would require more fundraising ability or organisational ability than I possess.
There is no doubt that we suffered – and still suffer – massive social media suppression, and this limitation of reach is what crippled fundraising efforts. Essentially we were asking the same people for donations again and again, which is both impractical and, I admit, I found personally difficult and undignified.
So I shall continue reporting from my base in Scotland, travelling the world as occasion demands. My knowledge has been hugely expanded by my time in Beirut. I will now largely revert to written rather than video format. The struggle for justice goes on, and my commitment to it remains.
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My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
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Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a Patreon account and a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
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On 26 January, 26 unarmed civilians were shot dead by Israel and 147 wounded in a massacre observed by heavily armed UN Peacekeepers who did not intervene. I asked the UN the very hard questions which nobody else is asking them.
The civilians were simply attempting to return to their homes in accordance with both UNSCR 1701 and the current ceasefire agreement, and indeed UNIFIL has a specific mandate under 1701 to assist displaced people to return.
So what has gone wrong with UNIFIL? Is this Srebrenica syndrome? What is the purpose of the heavy weaponry deployed by the UN’s best-equipped peacekeeping force, if it can never be fired? Why is the UN failing to monitor the hundreds of Israeli breaches of the Ceasefire Agreement? Why is the UN serving on a committee under a US General?
These and other questions I put to UNIFIL spokesman Andrea Tenenti. I did so in my usual, I hope courteous, manner. The result is a fascinating conversation which I believe is an extremely important piece of documentation of institutional failure to confront Israeli and US aggression at a critical time for the entire world.
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My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
Anybody is welcome to republish and reuse, including in translation.
Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a GoFundMe appeal and a Patreon account.
I have now also started a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
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Four UN Special Rapporteurs have written jointly to the UK government demanding explanation of its inappropriate persecution of journalists and political activists under the Terrorism Act. They state that those persecuted:
appear to have no credible connection to “terrorist” or “hostile” activity
The cases taken up by the United Nations are those of Johanna Ross (Ganyukova), John Laughland, Kit Klarenberg, Craig Murray (yes, me), Richard Barnard and Richard Medhurst. The UN letter is signed by:
Ben Saul
Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorismIrene Khan
Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expressionGina Romero
Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of associationAna Brian Nougrères
Special Rapporteur on the right to privacyUnder this UN special procedure, the letter is sent to the government in question which has sixty days to respond. This letter was sent by the UN to Starmer’s government on 4 December. No reply having been received, it has now been published.
It is worth noting that even with the UN letter on its desk and ignored, Starmer’s government in fact stepped up the use of the Terrorism Act against pro-Palestinian journalists and activists in this period. The cases of Asa Winstanley, Sarah Wilkinson and Tony Greenstein, among others, happened after the letter was drafted.
I should be clear that I was, working with Justice for All International (for which we had a crowdfunder last year in relation to the Assange case at the UN), heavily involved in assisting with preparation of this initiative, and made three visits to the UN in Geneva on the subject together with Sharof Azizov, and on one occasion Richard Medhurst. Your subscriptions and donations to this blog are the only funding I have to make such activity possible, so thank you.
The letter is in two parts. The first consists of an outline of the information received by the UN on each case and a request for a response from the British government.
But the second part is a devastating critique of the UK’s terrorism laws and their inappropriate use to stifle dissent and freedom of expression. This legal analysis on lack of conformity with the UK’s human rights obligations is not dependent on any of the particular cases cited.
While we do not wish to prejudge the accuracy of these allegations, we
express our concern regarding the potential misapplication of counter-terrorism laws
against journalists and activists who were critical of the policies and practices of
certain governments, which may unjustifiably interfere with the rights to freedom of
expression and opinion and participation in public life, lead to self-censorship and
have a serious chilling effect on the media, civil society and legitimate political and
public discourse.
We are particularly concerned by the broad scope of section 12(1A) and
schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act 2000 and schedule 3 of the Counter-Terrorism and
Border Security Act 2019…We are concerned at the vagueness and overbreadth of the offence in
section 12(1A) of the Terrorism Act 2000, which criminalizes expressing an opinion
or belief that is supportive of a proscribed organisation and being reckless as to
whether it encouraged support for that organisation…The term “support” is undefined in the Act and in our view is vague and
overbroad and may unjustifiably criminalize legitimate expression.…the meaning of expressing support for a
proscribed organization is ambiguous and could capture speech that is neither
necessary nor proportionate to criminalize, including legitimate debates about the de-
proscription of an organization and disagreement with a government’s decision to
proscribe…We note that there is no requirement that the expression of support relate to
the commission of violent terrorist acts by the organization. As such, the offence may
unjustifiably criminalize the expression of opinion or belief that is not rationally,
proximately or causally related to actual terrorist violence or harms. The offence
further does not require any likelihood that the support will assist the organization in
any way. It goes well beyond the accepted restrictions on freedom of expression under
international law concerning the prohibition of incitement to violence or hate speech…We note that some proscribed organizations are de facto authorities
performing a diversity of civilian functions, including governance, humanitarian and
medical activities, and provision of social services, public utilities and education.
Expressing support for any of these ordinary civilian activities by the organization
could constitute expressing support for it, no matter how remote such expression is
from support for any violent terrorist acts by the group…Further, the section 12(1A) offence does not require the person to intend to
encourage others to support the organization…We are further concerned that the absence of legal certainty may have a
chilling effect on the media, public debate, activism, and the activities of civil society,
in a context where there is a heightened public interest in discussion of the conflict in
the Middle East, including the conduct of the parties and the underlying conditions
conducive to violence in the region. We are further concerned that a person could be
prosecuted for isolated remarks or sentences that mischaracterize the overall position
of the individual, or despite the individual’s intentions or continued and express
disavowal of terrorist violence, given the subjectivity and contested meanings of
certain expressions in relation to sensitive or controversial political conflicts…We encourage your Excellency’s Government to repeal section 12(1A), or
otherwise to amend it to protect freedom of expression, and to develop prosecutorial
guidelines for its appropriate use to avoid the unnecessary or disproportionate
incrimination of political dissent…We are concerned that police powers at UK border areas and ports under
schedule 7 may be unjustifiably used against journalists and activists who are critical
of Western foreign policy. We note that the examination of each journalist named in
this communication under schedule 7 was premeditated, and that the examination,
confiscation of devices, and DNA prints were conducted despite the apparent absence
of a credible “terrorist” connection. We are concerned that such powers carry a risk of
intimidating, deterring, and disrupting the ability of journalists to report on topics of
public importance without self-censorship…We are concerned that the distinction between “examination” and “detention”
under the Act is artificial given the punitive sanctions for of non-compliance, and that
this distinction may be inconsistent with the accepted meaning of “arrest” or
“detention” under article 9 of the ICCPR. We are further concerned that the extensive
powers authorised under section 2 do not require any degree of suspicion that a person
falls within the meaning of “terrorist” at section 40(1)(b). The extreme breadth of
such power enables unnecessary, disproportionate, arbitrary or discriminatory
interference with an individual’s rights, including freedom from arbitrary detention,
freedom of movement under article 12(1) of the ICCPR, and the rights to leave and
enter one’s own country under article 12(2) and (4) of the ICCPR…we refer your
Excellency’s government to article 17 of the ICCPR which requires that “[n]o one
shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with [their] privacy, family,
home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on [their] honour and reputation”.
We note that several journalists detained under schedule 7 have had their electronic
devices confiscated for a significant period of time and have not been updated on the
use, retention or destruction of their data, or advised in relation to their personal data
protection rights.We urge your Excellency’s Government to consider the growing number of
instances where schedule 7 may have been inappropriately directed towards
journalists and activists, and to consider addressing this through amendments to the
legislation, guidance for relevant officials, and training of border security officers. We
further encourage your Excellency’s Government to address the judiciary’s concerns
regarding the retention of electronic dataIt is a stunning letter well worth reading in full; the legal language and diplomatic formality does not disguise the extreme concern of the UN at the extraordinary authoritarian attack on freedom of speech in the UK.
I might reveal that some of the UN Special Rapporteurs who signed were very sceptical of the issue until studying the details. One told me personally they were too busy to look at such a minor problem; their attitude changed completely when faced with papers on the cases involved.
There is no sign the UN has given the Starmer government pause; human rights are extremely low on their agenda. Support for Israel and the crushing of pro-Palestinian sentiment, or of any criticism of western foreign policy, is extremely high on their agenda.
The legislation concerned has been brought into disrepute by the widespread support in public from Establishment figures for HTS in Syria, even though it remains a proscribed organisation and any expression of support is an offence under the Terrorism Act. To my knowledge, not one person has been charged or even questioned for supporting the HTS coup in Syria.
This occurred after the UN letter, but they could now mention extreme arbitrariness in police and prosecutorial application of the law in their critique. The Terrorism Act is being used to criminalise peaceful criticism of western foreign policy. There can be no doubt about that at all.
It also remains the case that there has not been one reference in UK mainstream media to the persecution of dissident journalists using terrorism laws. I don’t expect the prostitute stenographers to power to change that by covering this censure from the United Nations.
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My reporting and advocacy work has no source of finance at all other than your contributions to keep us going. We get nothing from any state nor any billionaire.
Anybody is welcome to republish and reuse, including in translation.
Because some people wish an alternative to PayPal, I have set up new methods of payment including a GoFundMe appeal and a Patreon account.
I have now also started a Substack account if you wish to subscribe that way. The content will be the same as you get on this blog. Substack has the advantage of overcoming social media suppression by emailing you direct every time I post. You can if you wish subscribe free to Substack and use the email notifications as a trigger to come for this blog and read the articles for free. I am determined to maintain free access for those who cannot afford a subscription.
Click HERE TO DONATE if you do not see the Donate button above
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We could very easily – in fact more easily – have made these mini-documentaries featuring the bodies of children slaughtered by Israel and the hideous aspect of the maiming of tens of thousands, or focusing on the tears of the bereaved and orphaned.
We chose to go a different way and make that unavoidably implicit, but not shown, in the interests of attracting and engaging the widest audience possible.
Yet I believe what we do show highlights Israeli barbarity and makes it stark in another way. I would be grateful for your thoughts.
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To be blunt, our three months in Lebanon have made a significant financial loss. I am delighted with the output of six mini-documentaries and numerous short video reports and articles, some of which individually had millions of viewers. But to date the model of reader-sponsored real overseas journalism is not proven nor stable.
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Ethereum/ERC-20: 0x764a6054783e86C321Cb8208442477d24834861aThe post Israel Slaughters and Destroys in Southern Lebanon appeared first on Craig Murray.
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Site: Unam Sanctam CatholicamPeter Kwasniewski recently kicked up a hornet's nest with two articles on his substack Tradition and Sanity lauding well-ordered social dances as a wholesome past time for Catholic youth (see "Why Catholics Should Learn to Dance" and "The Great Good of Social Dancing"). This innocuous suggestion was met with fierce pushback from people who insisted that dancing is sinful.
I am not particularly interested in weighing in on the argument about dancing, which Dr. Kwasniewski has discussed thoroughly in his two articles quoted above and which I concur with. I am more concerned with the hermeneutics of the contrarians arguing against dancing, because I think it illustrates an important lesson about how not to read Church documents. In following the discussion on social media, I noticed the contrarians typically argued their point by posting a slur of quotations from popes and saints, insisting that "the Magisterium has condemned dances." Now, I personally learned long ago that strings of quotations mean little without supporting context; many statements that seem to say one thing actually say something different when read in historical context. Or a statement that seems absolute turns out to not be as universal as initially assumed. Context is everything; as Scott Hahn says, a text without a context is a pretext.
Peter Kwasniewski makes this point in relation to dancing in his Substack piece "The Great Good of Social Dancing," which I will quote—although in reading this, remember, the point is not dancing, but rather how citations from Church history are managed. Kwasniewski wrote:The biggest argument against my position is that “the saints have condemned dancing, and so has the Magisterium.” But we need to be careful here. If by “the Magisterium has condemned dances” we mean that at this or that moment a regional council or Vatican department has outlawed dancing for reasons known to the people at that time (and not necessarily correct reasons), this has no more timelessly binding authority than the Fourth Lateran Ecumenical Council’s prohibition of secular work, plays, taverns, and games of chance for all clerics and its requirement that they wear a tonsure and linen clothes, or its decree that Jews and Muslims in Catholic societies must wear special clothing to mark them off and must stay confined in their houses during the Triduum. None of this was ever rescinded, but it’s been ignored for centuries...The regional Council of Laodicea (c. 363) condemned dancing—but it also condemned eating with unbelievers, clerics entering taverns, and anyone singing in church except the appointed cantors. Those who invoke a council for one provision ought, out of consistency, to invoke it for the others too; or else they should admit that provisions like this are susceptible to change.Prudential judgments are, of necessity, fitted to a given set of circumstances; even so, they can be wrong sometimes; and certainly their applicability can change over time. What is permitted or encouraged in one age may be discouraged or forbidden in another, and vice versa. This is not modernism; it’s just the way practical judgments about contingent affairs work.I recently came across an excellent example of this in relation to the Council of Jerusalem and the Church's interpretation of its prescriptions. In the Book of Acts we read that the Apostles gathered at Jerusalem to address the question of Gentiles' obligations to Mosaic Law. After hearing the testimony of St. Paul and Barnabas, St. James, speaking for the Council, issued the following decree:For it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled and from unchastity. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell. (Acts 15:28-29)I'd like to draw attention to the prohibitions against eating blood and the flesh of beasts that have been strangled. What are we to make of these prohibitions? Are they to be understood in an absolute sense, such that Christians today cannot eat what is strangled or bloody? Am I actually sinning if I eat a rare steak or venison from a deer that died by strangulation in a snare?
A straightforward reading of Jerusalem's decree would suggest it is universal and absolute, for four reasons:
(1) There is nothing in the text suggesting it is anything other than absolute.
(2) We do not read anywhere else that this decree was either contested, limited, or revoked.
(3) Christians today are still to avoid unchastity and things (knowingly) sacrificed to idols; if these prescriptions are still in force, we may assume the prescriptions against eating blood and strangled things, which are mentioned beside them, are still in force as well.(4) St. James says that this decree is issued on the authority of the Holy Spirit Himself speaking through the apostolic college, which would seem to grant it an authority supreme, universal, and absolute....the apostolic prohibition, to abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled (cf. Acts 15:29) was suited to that time when a single church was rising from Jews and gentiles, who previously lived with different ceremonies and customs. This was so that the gentiles should have some observances in common with Jews, and occasion would be offered of coming together in one worship and faith of God and a cause of dissension might be removed, since by ancient custom blood and strangled things seemed abominable to Jews, and gentiles could be thought to be returning to idolatry if they ate sacrificial food. In places, however, where the Christian religion has been promulgated to such an extent that no Jew is to be met with and all have joined the Church, uniformly practising the same rites and ceremonies of the Gospel and believing that to the clean all things are clean (cf. Tit. 1:15), since the cause of that apostolic prohibition has ceased, so its effect has ceased. It condemns, then, no kind of food that human society accepts and nobody at all, neither man nor woman, should make a distinction between animals, no matter how they died; although for the health of the body, for the practice of virtue, or for the sake of regular and ecclesiastical discipline many things that are not proscribed can and should be omitted, as the apostle says, all things are lawful, but not all are helpful. (1 Cor. 6:12, 10:22)
We might, therefore, reasonably assume that Christians are prohibited from eating blood or animals killed by strangulation. This, in fact, was assumed by certain Christian communities, such as the Copts, who to this day do not eat strangled animals specifically because of the text of Acts 15.
Yet, were we to do read this text absolutely, we would be entirely wrong.
The Catholic Church does not consider this decree to be absolute. In fact, the Council of Florence taught that the Council of Jerusalem's decrees about blood and stranlged animals were merely provisional, relating to circumstances of a specific place and time. In 1442, the Council of Florence issued Cantate Domino, the Bull of Union with the Copts. (1) One of the sticking points between the Latins and Copts was the issue of eating blood and strangled animals. The Copts, as we mentioned, considered the decree of Jersualem binding. The Roman Church, however, held that this decree was provisional and had fallen into abeyance. The Council, therefore, required the Copts to abjure their interpretation of Acts 15. This abjuration was written into the Bull of Union, and Abbot Andrew of St. Anthony, representing the Copts, had to swear to the following formulary:The text from Cantate Domino bolded above highlights how the Council of Florence said Jerusalem's decree was suited to unique circumstances in a specific era, and that since these circumstances no longer exist, the prohibition is no longer considered binding. It's important to note that there is nothing in the text of the ancient decree that lends itself to this interpreration; Florence deduces this not from the text of Acts, nor from the presumed intention of St. James, but from a common-sense analysis of the rationale behind the original prohibition, coupled with some clarifying texts from the Scriptures for added perspective.
Unfortuanately, the union was not enduring. The Copts would renege on Cantate Domino. To this day the Coptic Orthodox still do not eat the flesh of animals killed by strangulation.In reading Church history, one often comes across decrees or prohibitions that are phrased in absolute terms; at times, they may even be intended to be read absolutely by their authors—but nevertheless, a common-sense reading of such texts and the circumstances behind them can make it clear that they are no longer binding. This sort of thing has to be discerned by attention to context, historical circumstance, custom, and just plain common sense.
___________(1) The text of Cantate Domino is taken from Norman P. Tanner's Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. I (online edition). I also consulted the text Laetentur Caeli: Bulls of Union with the Greek, Armenian, Coptic, and Ethiopian Churches, ed. D.P. Curtin (Dalcassian Publishing: Philadelphia, 2007) -
Site: Unam Sanctam Catholicam
The following is a guest post submitted by a friend of this blog who wishes his reflections to remain anonymous.* * * * *One night while driving back from a visit with my parents, I received a call from a friend who, after learning that I was still on the road, told me in an ominous tone to call him once I’ve arrived home. Doing so a few minutes later, he told me that our mutual friend suddenly collapsed and died earlier that afternoon on a hiking trip. The news came as a shock to us and to the rest of our parish and local Catholic community, since my friend had been healthy in his early twenties; what's worse, he was scheduled to be married in a few weeks. My initial dumbstruck response gave way to a morose muteness as I struggled to get the rest of my night routine done, which then turned into anguished cries of grief when I turned to prayer that night before bed.
I was more or less in this state until a week later, during his wake and funeral Mass. As he was devoted to the Traditional Latin Mass, it was announced that a Requiem Mass was going to be sung for his funeral. Before the Mass—and especially during the wake—I was still at the nadir of my distress at his passing. Immediately after, however, I felt that the worst of the storm had passed and begun to look back at our relatively brief acquaintance in joy and thanksgiving. I was, and am still grieving, but I feel like I have sufficiently processed my emotions so that the pain of his passing has been lessened, making it bearable enough to move on, until the time we meet again.
As I was meditating through the ceremonies and texts of the Missa pro defunctis, it became clear to me that the Requiem Mass was central in allowing me to tend to my grief. Once again, the Church, being the caring mother that she is, created and developed a fitting ritual that allows Christians to lament the evil of death, but also be reminded of the hope of the resurrection to come, as was promised by the resurrection of her own Lord and Spouse, Jesus Christ.
* * * * *
Fourteen years ago, however, when I was at a different period in my life, I experienced the first death that impacted me personally, that of my maternal grandfather. I was of course affected more strongly, but this was somewhat colored by my then lack of familiarity with death as a younger person. And unlike in my friend’s death, here I do not remember the exact moment of closure; I simply got healing as time went by, the tender memories of my grandfather eventually giving way to the more pressing concerns of the living. Certainly, I did not have this closure once I saw his casket lowered into the grave, or during any of the post-burial conversations we had as a family, or after the Mass said for his soul was finished. This Mass was, as I would learn later, is a different Mass from what has been offered for deceased Catholics until the reforms of Vatican II. This was the post-conciliar "Mass of Christian Burial," with markedly different prayers, ceremonies, and other externals like music and vestments, which together form a rite that emphasizes a new perspective on dealing with the universal human consternation with death.
Throughout this essay, I will not so much focus on an intensive and systematic analysis of the Requiem Mass or a comparative study with its Novus Ordo equivalent, as others have already written extensively on this. I will instead focus on how and why the Requiem Mass ultimately helped me cope—and how and why the Mass of Christian Burial didn’t. I believe that this was the case for the other mourners as well. As such, this would be somewhat personal and subjective, yet would include echoes of familiar arguments about the differences of the Novus Ordo and the traditional rites as a whole, as seen specifically in the funeral rites.
* * * * *
Upon entering the church for my friend's Requiem—despite it being a sunny noon—I immediately noticed the somber space inside. It helped that the lights were turned on which outshone the daylight from the stained-glass windows, and that most of the mourners wore black (this seems to be a dying tradition in the West today). Also, from the body’s entrance to the church and up to its departure, a professional choir sang chant and polyphony (in Latin of course). Since it was a Solemn High Mass, the ministers wore the traditional mourning color of the Roman liturgy. Black has that stark quality of emptiness and lays bare the gloom of our suffering. The casket was also draped in black cloth with a silver crucifix laid on it. It was apparent to me and everyone that day that this was not the normal Mass seen every Sunday.
Nothing about this was surprising to me or to anyone who regularly goes to a TLM, so here I imagine what non-Catholics (or at least regular Novus Ordo Mass attendees) would have derived from this atmosphere. It is especially worth mentioning that my friend’s family and relations are not Catholic. If some of them might have previously seen aspects of the Requiem Mass in popular culture and thought it to be something morbid, like a passing fad for teenaged goths, our shared grief should have disabused them of these misconceptions. If this did not convince them of the truths of the Catholic faith through the austere beauty of the rites, or at least sowed seeds that by the grace of God will bloom later in their hearts, it at least conveyed to them that the Catholic Church shared in their sorrow by arranging her rites for the dead in a fitting manner. The setting of the music further contributed to this fittingness. There must have been that sense of the hauntingly beautiful, of the sublimely painful emotion that the Church, in these rites, feel toward her departed son. Haunting and painful, because today she is in agony; but sublime and beautiful, because it is really her cry from the depths to her Lord—not a simple human memorial service. But even if it were a Low Mass, I think it would have still conveyed the appropriate tone, since the music of the High Mass only gave voice to the silent suffering of our hearts without breaking the silence. Regarding the use of Latin, which they likely did not understand nor comprehend the purpose for, they would have at least been further convinced of the seriousness the Church bears toward death. And as they know that this is the language of Ancient Rome, they would have easily deduced the antiquity of this ritual; intuitively they would have been assured that the Church has acquired, through the slow maturation of the ages, the applied wisdom to grapple with the most harrowing loss visible in this world of the senses. Here, a dead language of a long-dead civilization is a solace to the living. Even if they had no common faith with the Church they would trust her solicitude for this day at least.
As the Mass proceeded with its manifold prayers, the Collect signaled that the Church was joining us in this difficult time, recognizing our anguish and allowing us to express in her words the sentiments of our hurt. The Collect goes thus:
O God, Whose property is ever to have mercy and to spare, we humbly entreat Thee on behalf of the soul of Thy servant (handmaid) N., whom Thou hast bidden this day to pass out of this world: that Thou wouldst not deliver him into the hands of the enemy, nor forget him for ever, but command him to be taken up by the holy angels, and to be borne to our home in Paradise, that as he had put his faith and hope in Thee, he may not undergo the pains of Hell but may possess everlasting joys. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee, in the unity of the Holy Ghost, God, world without end.But as an ever-solicitous mother for our true good, here the Church simultaneously reminds us of the need to pray for the soul of the departed, no matter how much we thought he was a good person. This is easily forgotten in the abyss of one’s sorrow. And this is the primary reason, after all, for the impetrative end of the Requiem Mass—the remission of the temporal punishments of the soul in Purgatory. The absolution given after the dismissal of the people makes this even more vivid:
Enter not into judgement with Thy servant, O Lord; for, save Thou grant him forgiveness of all his sins, no man shall be justified in Thy sight. Wherefore, suffer not, we beseech Thee, the sentence Thou pronouncest in judgement upon one whom the faithful prayer of Christian people commends to Thee, to be a doom which shall crush him utterly. Rather, succour him by Thy gracious favour, that he may escape Thine avenging justice who, in his lifetime, was signed with the seal of the Holy Trinity: Who livest and reignest, world without end.The sheer reality of a single mortal sin condemning us to the everlasting pain and loss of Hell is brought to the fore, and we are enjoined to consider this possibility for the soul in question. This reaches its zenith in the sequence Dies Irae, which was excised by the reformers from the Roman Missal since it apparently “smacked of a negative spirituality inherited from the Middle Ages” and “overemphasized judgment, fear, and despair” (and consequently only heard now in anything that is redolent of the macabre thanks to Hollywood, as a familiar yet forgotten melody). Yet Bugnini et al. selectively ignored lines which still speak of the hope of eternal bliss, such as these:
Seeking me, You rested, tired:You redeemed [me], having suffered the Cross:
let not such hardship be in vain...You Who absolved Mary,
and heard the robber,
gave hope to me also.And of course, the sequence ends with this couplet:
Merciful Lord Jesus,
grant them rest. Amen.During the singing of the Dies Irae, I was once again reduced into tears, spurred on by the gravitas of the texts and the fitting mode of the piece. Yet by forcing me to meditate on the severity and exactness of the last judgment (and the soul’s particular judgment), I was able to be freed from the existential snare for the Christian, which should really be his fundamental worry—that is, to rely on himself for his own salvation. Rather, it is the lamb who was sacrificed on the Cross on whom my friend’s—and my—salvation depends. This then helped me to trust God that he has heard our prayers and to finally look forward to the day when I reunite with him in Heaven, separated no more by the cruel veil of death. Furthermore, I felt assured that my wishes for my friend’s salvation were also the Church’s own wishes expressed in her funeral sequence.
The Epistle and Gospel leave no doubt for this. In the Epistle, Mother Church takes the words of the Apostle as her own:
Brethren: We will not have you ignorant concerning them that are asleep, that you be not sorrowful, even as others who have no hope; for, if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so, them who have slept through Jesus will God bring with Him. (1 Thess. 4:13)Here she tells us that she has heard our lament and reminds us of the bodily resurrection of Jesus that is promised to all. Then she adds to this the words of Her Lord in the Gospel:
I am the resurrection and the life: he that believeth in Me, although he be dead, shall live; and every one that liveth and believeth in Me, shall not die for ever. (John 11:25)The testimony of Martha, a saint, then helps us confess this faith that might have been dimmed by our grief:
Jesus saith to her, Thy brother shall rise again. Martha saith to Him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day. (John 11:24)From all these prayers and Scripture citations, it becomes manifest that the Requiem Mass encompasses all the varied thoughts and emotions that a Christian mourner goes through—the pain of the loss of the beloved, life, the fear of the real possibility of the soul’s damnation, the hope in their resurrection and their assumption to eternal life, and the desire for commiseration from the words his own God, and his own passion and death, supported by the testimony of the saints who were not confounded in their holy desires. There is really no reason at all to remove the Dies Irae, if seen in the totality of the Mass itself. It might very well be the case that the Dies Irae, being the product of a theology that was imprinted by the character of a part of the medieval era where plagues, wars, and destitution were commonplace. Yet it also attests not only to the permanence of this liturgy, where the contrasting succession of eras instead lends us differing points of meditation on the four last things.
After the body was driven by the hearse back to the funeral home, I knew that for me at least, I have already cried my most voluminous tears. The dark night that has eclipsed my spirit for the past week instead gave way to the purple and gold stirrings of a new dawn. Here I have accepted, maybe a little hesitant still, that he was gone, but that now is the time to be thankful for his life. I can now instead ponder on his virtues—his kindness, his generosity toward all, and to his abiding joy in the Gospel. We then honored his magnanimity in life with a potluck for everyone who paid their respects. Yet if this would have been the climax of the funeral for some people today, it was only the suitable conclusion here, and only for the living. We were not only gathered there because we had the acquaintance of his life on earth, but also because that we were first united together in our sorrows and prayers as the Mystical Body of Christ in this side of heaven. We were able to take solace together in fellowship and Christian brotherhood only because we were able to worthily ask succor for my friend’s soul, show gratitude for his life, offer remorse for his and our sins, and worship Him who alone has power over life and death.
* * * * *
This experience could not have been any more different from the experience of my grandfather’s death. Now to be fair, his funeral Mass was said by a single priest without a choir in a smaller, comparatively unadorned chapel, and that it was celebrated in the Philippines, a country where the post-conciliar devastation of the liturgy for the most part has gone unabated. It also cannot be said that cultural differences when it comes to mourning played a part; the Philippines treats death seriously like any other Catholic country (in fact, one can only try to count the numerous taboos and superstitions, for example, that Filipinos observe during the mourning period). Given these caveats and the fact that this manner of celebrating the modern Mass for the Dead is still heard of nowadays even in the States, I do not think I am missing the mark terribly here.
The death of my grandfather was also quite sudden, as he was not exactly terminally ill, although he wasn’t doing well either. At the Mass, the priest wore the notorious chasuble-alb with a purple stole over it. This priest's whole personality and attitude toward the death of my grandfather would define the tenor of the Mass that day. In the homily, he simply assured us that our beloved patriarch was not suffering anymore and was in Heaven, while being inappropriately peppy the whole time—at least too peppy for a funeral. It’s almost as if, in his fatuous attempt to comfort us, he told us that it didn’t make sense to grieve, since my grandfather was surely already at peace. What then, is the purpose of this liturgy, tackily celebrated and not fitting at all to the gravity of the occasion? This is perhaps another reason why I remembered nothing of the texts said that day, since there was no attempt to say them worthily, if not in chant but at least in a suitable manner; after all, the readings of the Novus Ordo are primarily for teaching, not for worship.
Looking back, this Mass could at least have been a teaching moment for me on how the (post-conciliar) Church handled death as a serious affair and an opportunity to witness her sincere concern toward those who grieve. A simple yet dignified Mass would have given us the respect that is the minimum toward any death. A more beautiful Mass with music and ceremonial would have at least convinced me of the good taste of Catholics and would have been a small consolation. But no; there were none of these in this Mass. It was only something to be borne with—an obligation at best, a chore at worst. It only delayed the burial which at least gave me some semblance of finality.
The ugly vestments in the wrong liturgical color, the deficient ceremonial, the lean prayers due to being excised of anything deemed offensive to mourners, and even the inappropriate attitude of the priest, would simply be distractions taken indivdiually. But together, they imparted to me a different perspective, a novel manner of how the faithful were expected to come to terms with death. It seemed to express that death is some event that separates us from our loved ones, but we should not worry about it, and we should just anticipate being with them again. Let us think more about the gift of their lives and try to be cheerful instead! By not treating death with the seriousness it deserves, which it is as the consequence of sin, this Mass ends up tending more to our suffering, not about the suffering of the soul due to his unremitted sins (but remember, we shouldn’t be too glum!).
Perhaps the priest really knew how to address our pain, but he had no choice but to put on the face the New Mass expected of him as the celebrant (and ultimately, he had to take cues from the training he received from his seminary formation). But even if he tried to make things right somehow, by making some or all elements conform more to the manner of the Traditional Requiem Mass, and that of human mourning in general, it would have been off, akin to a goth kid wearing all black in an otherwise colorful birthday party. Nor would the nuggets of explicit Catholic teaching that remain in the readings, (like the necessity of prayers for the dead) fully communicate the truths of the Catholic faith to the grieving loved ones of the deceased, since it did not affirm their grief in a manner fitting and evocative with the gravity of the occasion—especially when it begs the question of why these prayers need to be said to begin with!
The process of grief naturally progresses through stages, from the sudden shock of the beloved’s death, the emotional coming to terms with their absence, to the final acceptance of their loss and hope for the future. The appropriate expression of this depends foremost on a ritual fitting enough for the natural order to send them off, so to speak. Anthropologists describe these rituals that humans undergo from birth, coming-of-age, assumption into positions of responsibility, and death in the context of liminality (from the Latin limen, “threshold”), since the person in question is in a state where he is on the threshold—not quite here, but not fully there either. We can say that the mourners are also "on the threshold" with regards to their grief toward the deceased.
If the rite neither assists us to process these emotions in some ritual form, nor make them correspond with the journey of the soul to its final destination as represented in the rite—how can it, as the funeral rite of the Church, help you properly cope? And if we are talking about the funeral rites of the true religion, how can it fulfill its supernatural ends adequately if it fails its natural ends spectacularly?
The Mass of Christian Burial, in trying to tend to mourners first over the deceased—yet in a way that does not respect the natural grieving process—ends up doing little for both.
* * * * *
A defender of the Novus Ordo might respond that these impressions are subjective and particularly representative of someone who attends the TLM. It might very well be that many can manage with less than what the Requiem Mass can give them, or do not need to ask for more from the Mass of Christian Burial. But you can never divorce the pain of the individual Christian from the pain that the whole Body of Christ goes through with the death of one of its members—"And if one member suffer any thing, all the members suffer with it; or if one member glory, all the members rejoice with it" (1 Cor. 12:26). The Church ought to offer the most beautiful, noble, and edifying liturgy that she can give to her children, whether in joy or in weeping. She must always be like the shepherd who would leave ninety-nine of his sheep to retrieve the one who went astray. Beyond the question of sin and as applied to grief, she needs to have more solicitude over those who find it harder to come to terms with loss. She needs the brightest light to shine over those immured in the blackest darkness.
Moreover, the common defense of shifting the blame of the deficiencies of the Novus Ordo to the disposition of the individual churchgoer—or in the case the individual mourner—is expressly inappropriate and thoughtless here. Would it really be proper to put the onus on the individual mourner to have a better appreciation of the new funeral Mass, given that he is currently dealing with a lot on his plate? "Or what man is there among you, of whom if his son shall ask bread, will he reach him a stone?" (Mt. 7:9). Surely most apologists of the Novus Ordo would hopefully avoid using this in the context of a funeral, but the logic remains applicable here.
Perhaps there are post-conciliar funeral Masses that come close to a Solemn Requiem Mass, but like the perpetually-discussed "unicorn Novus Ordo," one wonders where they are. One would hope that when it comes to funerals, they would not be rare like unicorns, but common as horses instead. More importantly, the Novus Ordo should be judged on the deviations it allows, not on the options that follow tradition more closely. As it is, we have funeral Masses that only sufficiently comfort some people—and I am not even talking about the refreshment it brings to souls. It is hard to think of comprable mediocrity in the Latin Mass (this doesn’t include the Requiem Low Mass, which, to be clear, still plainly reveals the silence of suffering without recourse to music or a richer ceremonial).
Besides the loss of our loved ones, we are also confronted with another far widespread loss: the loss of our time-honored rites of mourning, from which the saints found respite in the darkest depths of their despair. On a merely human level, we lost practices founded in ancient wisdom and common sense that communicate ubiquitous truths about death, grief, and the afterlife, and how to come to terms with them. The modern Church, in her recklessness to live up to the “sign of the times,” desired to make a funeral liturgy for the modern man, which presupposes that modern man has truly changed. I think this could only be the case if man has conquered death. But as earthly life will never last forever with our meager efforts alone, we can never change how we mourn—and how we can be consoled.
* * * * *
After my friend's funeral, while still sad for his early death, I felt good enough to be grateful to God that the Mass that nourished his soul here on earth was said for its departure from this world of difficulty and strife. This was denied for generations of Catholics, but not for him, who has only recently discovered its treasures. And I am grateful that the Requiem Mass, beyond a consolation to those he left behind, was able to show them a glimpse of that beautiful, sublime, and true religion which has made him into a devoted fiancé, son, brother, and friend. But it is also sad to see that my grandfather, who went to the Old Mass for half his life, was not able to get a worthy funeral in the rite he knew. He and my friend could never be more alike in terms of being born in different times, almost a century apart; one lived a long and full life, while the other was taken away from the flower of his youth. In my grandfather’s passage to old age, the Mass of All Times was condemned to die a natural death; but in my friend’s untimely death, it has shown signs of its resurrection. And while I look forward to seeing my friend and my grandfather in that other, greater resurrection, in this life I also await the full restoration of the Mass that has consoled countless generations of Catholics, and which at their own deaths delivered them from this vale of tears.
-
Site: Unam Sanctam Catholicam
Let's talk about married priests. Well, not married priests per se, but our attitudes toward married priests. I had a very unpleasant interaction with a reader the other day that has left me sort of fuming and feeling like there's some issues that need to be cleared up. So, be warned, I'm a bit saucy.
I. Some Real Big-Brain ArgumentsI recently posted an article entitled "Why I'm Not Orthodox." The article was generally well-received, but discussion went off the rails in the comments on the subject of married priests. It started when an Anon popped in and said:I could never abide with a married "priest." I could perhaps understand a converted pastor who perhaps was a widow becoming a hermit brother, yet even that might contaminate the brethren. It's a scandal for married pastors to convert and wear the mantle of a Catholic priest—and they seem quite jolly which again is suspect—what exactly are their motivations, I wonder.This is an ignorant comment in many respects. Putting the word priest in quotes implies that a married priest is not truly a priest, or at least that his ordination is suspect. But of course, being married does not invalidate Holy Orders; even when a priest illicitly tries to marry in violation of his vows, it invalidates the marriage, not his ordination (cf. Can. 1087). How a married priest in good standing would "contaminate the brethren" I couldn't say, but this Anon accused married priest-converts of being a scandal and implied they are motivated by lust because they are "quite jolly." I'm not sure how you can infer anything by jollity (save a joyous heart) or if a proper priest ought not be jolly. It also seems the commenter is ignorant of married priests in the Eastern Catholic rites and perhaps of the tradition of married priests in the Latin West, of which we shall say more presently.At this point, a married Catholic priest jumped in, posting publically under his real name, to give his two cents. This priest converted by way of the Anglican Ordinariate, and a any cursory review of his biography available online shows that his career has been very distinguished in many respects. The priest responded:Well-written article, for which I am thankful. For the previous anonymous respondent who simply commented about married clergy, why? Your comment addresses the situation of St. Peter. Did you know St. Hilary of Poitiers was a married cleric, not merely a priest, but even elevated to a bishop? Let the exception to the rule simply be that. Yes, I am one of them, and there are very few around the Western Church. It takes papal dispensation, and my file went to the desk of Pope Benedict XVI. We have to be vetted to a much greater extent than normal, celibate diocesan clergy. The balancing act is tremendous, and the life is very sacrificial, in ways you might not even think about.This man was admitted to Catholic Orders by Pope Benedict XVI himself. Who is going to quibble with that? Any priest deserves respect at least by virtue of his Holy Orders, if nothing else...but a priest whose ordination was personally signed off on by Benedict XVI?That's why married " Priests" are a scourge to the Church—always lobbying for deviations to the rule of celibacy—shame on you!I did not post this comment. Within minutes, Anon submitted another comment:
That wasn't going to stop our Anon. Seeing one of the detested married priests in the comments, he launched a broadside of attacks (when these comments started coming in, I did not publish them because of their vitriol, but I'm sharing them here to make a point and expose this stupidity). The Anon replied:Your only a Father to your own children. Spiritual Fatherhood is not for those who have committed themselves to carnal relations—and make it their life work to justify it at the cost of the priceless gift of Chastity—which is only possible with Heavenly graces—a true calling.Okay...again, stupid comments and awful trying to shame ths priest. Especially the latter comment, which implies that those who are having carnal relations with their spouses are not being chaste...I think the commenter is ignorant of the difference between chastity and celibacy.At this point I felt like I needed to step in. Being the mature, well-spoken academic that I am, I responded publicly by calling the Anon disgusting and suggesting he had a mental disorder:To the Anon who all day has kept trying to post comments attacking Fr. Ken for being married and making base accusations against him (a) I'm not publishing any of your comments, (b) you are disgusting (c) do you have a mental disorder?The Anon didn't stop. The following three comments came in succession, all directed at the priest:Your [sic] just a glorified deacon couple that moved into the church's rectory, I doubt your masses are even valid and question how it happened that you were ever consecrated.Your pride puffs you up to level of St Peter and St Hilary of Poitiers, both Bishops—is that the next goal? Please inform of the doings of the "converted" married "priests"—no doubt you have formed a contingent.I now understand for the first time prophecies how bishops will lead the flock astray and masses will be invalid.Real big-brain thinking, here, folks. I find this just awful and representative of the worst, most ignorantly knee-jerk buffoonish side of Catholic Traditionalism. I am assuming most of my readers can see how ridiculous these accusations are, so I'm not going to respond to them.
At any rate, the Anon finally paused from his (or her?) attacks long enough to notice my defence of the priest and left a comment directed to me:Defend the Holy Priesthood or do you stand with the heresiachs [sic]Is the Anglican Ordinariate somehow an attack on the priesthood? What heresiarchs? Pope Benedict, who established the Ordinariate and signed off on this priest's admission?At any rate, when the commenter realized I wasn't publishing their posts nor supporting this position, they thankfully left.
II. Our Attitudes Towards Married PriestsI'm not sure how common the attitude of this Anon is among Traditional Catholics; I hope it is an outlier, because it is horrifically ignorant and mean-spirited. I personally have never heard anything amiss about the priests of the Anglican Ordinariate; quite the contrary, actually. There is one Anglican Ordinariate priest not far from me. I've never met him, but his little small town parish is thriving, and every Catholic I've met who knows him heaps praise upon him. In times when many larger Catholic parishes see only one or two converts per year, his tiny parish recently welcomed 20+ people to the Church at Easter.My only experience of a married priest was when I lived in Gaming, Austria during my studies at Ave Maria's satellite campus there in 2003. The campus chaplain, Fr. Yuri, was a married priest of the Ukrainian Catholic Church. Fr. Yuri was an impressive man, deeply spiritual with a true fatherly heart—and his liturgies were beautiful. I felt privileged to receive Communion from him, and I regularly chose to attend his liturgies in Old Slavonic rather than go to the celibate (but charismatic) Franciscan priests kept there by Steubenville.
I understand that there is a push by progressives to eliminate the discipline of celibacy in the Latin rite. And I, like the vast majority of Trads, reject this as contrary to the Tradition of the West. I think it would harm the integrity of the priesthood and that such a profound shift in discipline would wreak havoc in ways we can't begin to foresee. The celibate priesthood is, afterall, one of the few things left standing after the Second Vatican Council, and its elimination would likely inaugurate a chaos comparable to what we saw in the early 1970s. I am 100% against eliminating the discipline of celibacy.
That being said, while the western Church's tradition strongly prefers unmarried men for the priesthood, it is a discipline that can, theoretically, be dispensed, and the Church has allowed exceptions for the good of souls and the cause of authentic ecumenism. I understand that some are tempted to see these exceptions as abuses, akin to communion in the hand, altar girls, and all the rest. But this is certainly not in the same category, as married priests have always been a part of the Church's tradition in various ways, even if they were much less common in the Latin West.Furthermore, progressives are not championing the Anglican Ordinariate, which today is the primary vector through which married priests enter the Latin rite. To progressives, the entire concept of the Ordinariate reeks of the "out-dated ecclesiology of return" condemned at the progressive Balamand Conference on ecumenism in 1993. But I think it was an exceedingly wise act of Benedict. Seeing the developing split in Anglicanism between its progressive and conservative wings, Benedict XVI demonstrated exceptional pastoral insight in establishing the Ordinariate as a path of return for Anglican clergy who wished for reunion. Pope Benedict should be known as the Pope of Ecumenism for this decision.
And the Church is hardly being flooded by a cabal of married priests; the Ordinariate has about 40 parishes and 100 priests across the entire North American continent, all serving admirably, from what I have heard. Remember, Ordinariate priests were among the most traditional of the Anglican Communion; the Anglican liturgy has more in common with the TLM than the Novus Ordo does, leading some to refer to it as "the Traditional Latin Mass, but in English." This is one reason why progressives are dismissive of the Ordinariate. A certain well-known website known for its pro-Bergoglian paeans considered the Ordinariate a hot-bed of Traditionalism, especially hostile to the Synod on Synodality (at least in the U.K.). If you are a Trad, Ordinariate priests are not your enemies. And if you treat them as such merely because some of them are married, I suggest you prayerfully reconsider your priorities and swiftly remedy your severe case of rectal-cranial inversion.
And ultimately, though we can criticize clerics for many things, there are few things as profoundly un-Catholic, so anti-Traditional, as shitting on a priest merely for the fact of his ordination. I may think a priest's teaching is nonsense or be scandalized by his poor behavior, but I will never disrespect the fact of his priesthood, let alone one who was personally admitted to Orders by Pope Benedict himself.
III. Priestly Marriage in the Latin West
This comes down to what I have found to be a pervasive misunderstanding on this issue from both sides, from those who wish to attack priestly celibacy as well as from those who wish to defend it.
On the one hand, you have people who stupidly accuse the Catholic Church of imposing celibacy on priests in the high Middle Ages, imagining that priests for the first thousand years were all married and sexually active. These are the people who say, "Celibacy in the priesthood wasn’t the norm until the time of the Gregorian reforms." You get this view from secularists, progressives, and brain-fogged Orthodox trolls. On the other hand, you also have people like the Anon above, whose knee-jerk Traddism leads them to make exaggerated defenses of celibacy that the Church herself has never made (e.g., that married priests are of questionable Orders, that they "contaminate" the Church, that they are lustful, etc.). Generally, these people imagine that the Church's discipline here has always been as it is today; they fail to account for history or for the presence of married priests in almost all of the Eastern Catholic rites.
Both of these positions are incorrect.
From the beginning of the Church, there have always been married priests. There were married priests in the East and well as the West. The discipline was similar to what you see today in certain Eastern rites, where a married man may be ordained to the priesthood but a single man ordained as a priest could not subsequently marry. This was allowed for many centuries, at least into the 6th century and longer in some places. Married priests were simply a reality for a long, long time. Suck it, Anon.
However (and this is a big however)...
There has never been a tradition of sexually active priests in the ancient Church, either in East or West. While married priests could be ordained, they were expected to be perpetually celibate from the moment of their ordination (actually, their celibacy began when they reached the diaconate or even sub-diaconate). Married priests were expected to observe perpetual continence—be married and celibate. Priestly celibacy is an apostolic tradition and was regarded as such by the Fathers. OrthoBros and secularists who suggest celibacy was a Roman invention foisted on the Christian west in the Middle Ages are suffering from historical ignorance on this point. If you'd like to read the sources on this, the text you want is Fr. Christian Cochini's Apostolic Origins of Priestly Celibacy, a very large tome but absolutely worth the read. Another good source is Alfons Cardinal Stickler's The Case for Clerical Celibacy: Its Historical Development and Theological Foundations, which covers the same ground as Fr. Cochini's work but in a more condensed form.
If you'd like to see my own summary of the sources, I have three articles to recommend (although they are long, I must warn you):
1. The Truth About Priestly Celibacy in the Early Church
2. The Council of Ancyra and Celibacy
3. The Quinisext Council in Trullo and Priestly CelibacyThese articles summarize the work of Cochini and Stickler, demonstrating the universal testimony of the Early Church that celibacy was always expected of priests, married or not. I am currently working on a fourth installment in this series (I've actually been working on it since June), demonstrating that, in fact, it was the East whose custom changed, not the West; the West has preserved the older custom of expecting celibate priests, whereas the Eastern custom gradually changed following the promulgation of Justinian's Corpus Iuris Civilis.
IV. Conclusion
I am grateful for the married priests we have in our midst, whether of the Latin rite or one of the Eastern Catholic rites. And I am tremendously grateful for the Anglican Ordinariates and their beautiful liturgies. May the Lord, in His mercy, raise up more laborers for His harvest, whether from near or afar. -
Site: Unam Sanctam Catholicam
In his classic 1937 work The Crisis of Civilization, Hilaire Belloc convincing argues that the rejection of the Catholic Church at the time of the Protestant Revolt is directly responsible for the social and economic troubles of modernity. According to Belloc, the most pressing economic problem is that the vast majority of people are wage-earners to a small owner class who have a disproportionate control of the means of production. This situation Belloc calls 'Proletarianism.' While modern wage-earners have political rights, full economic freedom eludes them because they are too dependent upon those who pay their wages. Unlike the Communists who assert that private ownership of property is the fundamental evil, Belloc states the problem is not that capital is owned and utilized by so few, but that so many are proletarian wage-earners.This was not always the case, however. At the end of the Middle Ages, Europe was moving towards a free peasant class of owners. But by 1900, the peasant class had disappeared and was replaced by landless wage-earners, which occurred simultaneously with the rise of Capitalism. How did the free peasant of the 16th century become the urban proletarian of the 19th? Belloc says the crux of the transformation was in the shift from status to contract in socio-economic relationships. In this essay, we shall explain Belloc's distinction between Status and Contract and how he applies it to socio-economic arrangements.I. The Concept of Status
Let us begin with the concept of status, which Belloc sees as forming the core of medieval socio-economic relationships. Belloc explains:First of all, what is "status"? The meaning of the word is "standing." The status of a man is his established condition. In our original Christian society - that society which reached its flower in the Middle Ages - status was omnipresent. It did not cover the whole ground of human activity by any means, but it covered a sufficient area to make status the determining character of all our society. A man's position was known, the duties and burdens attaching to it were known, as also the advantages, and they were in a large measure fixed; for the spiritual force and motive underlying the whole business was an appetite for security: for making life tolerable on its material side so that there should be room and opportunity for men to lead the good life, as the Greeks put it, or, as the Catholic Church puts it, to save their souls. Status arose from the strong, instinctive demand of a Catholic society for stable social relations between men, and, what was much more important, for a stable sufficiency of livelihood attaching to the great mass of families in the community...[a man] was certain of his position, he had a hereditary holding, and could not be rendered landless or destitute. He had Status. (1)In the traditional arrangement, there were three basic statuses a man could have; these were the famed "Three Orders" of medieval society: those who fight, those who pray, and those who work. The division of society into these three orders is first found in a loose translation of Boethius done by Alfred the Great in the late ninth century; the king is to have gebedmen, fyrdmen, weorcmen; "men of prayer, men of war, men of work" (2). It was made famous in the writings of Adalbero of Laon (c. 1020). This of course reflects the three basic estates of the medieval world: the nobility, the clerical caste, and the peasantry. In reality, however, status was not always this tidy to delineate: Berthold of Regensburg (c. 1250) distinguished ten statuses, not three. A German sermon dating from around 1228 lists 28 social statuses. (3) The statuses and their classifications got more complex as the Middle Ages wore on.The important thing to understand about status is that distinctions of status was not necessarily a wealth-based class distinction. The medieval orders were supposed to correspond to functions, not to class distinctions. The functions were relatively stable concepts. Every status had a particular set of obligations (as well as privileges) assigned to it by custom and upheld by law.For example, a medieval peasant held his land in tenancy from the lord. However, unlike today's landlord-tenant relations, medieval tenancy was not established by a simple at-will contract between the lord and the peasant. Tenancies were usually 99 years long; rents were established by customary law and could not be altered. The peasant had certain obligations to his lord's demesne, but he also had certain inalienable rights—the lord could not demand more from him than custom permitted. In short, the status of the peasant was stable. No matter what happened, he could not be dispossessed from the land. Similar privileges were attached to the nobility; since title and nobility were hereditary, a noble need have no fear of losing his holdings. Like the peasant, he knew exactly what his obligations were, as well as his privileges.In other words, aside from the unpredictable vicissitudes of weather and war, medieval life was marked by a fundamental stability. This is because social-political relationships were not determined by individual contractual agreements between men, but by customary relations between different status groups. This is why medieval society and its economy was inherently stable. This is true of any culture where status is the predominant norm for social interaction. Men and their individual circumstances are unstable, but status allows some sort of stability to emerge despite this. This is why, in Economics 101, when students are introduced to Command, Market, and Traditional economies, it is always mentioned that the Traditional economy is inherently stable due to the fact that traditional societies maintain status on a hereditary basis.II. Status Replaced by Contract
Now, regardless of what we may think about modern economies or their merit, it is undeniable that our modern capitalist economies are unpredictable and inherently unstable. Belloc argues that this instability has to do with the erosion of status as the determining factor in socio-economic relations and its replacement by contract. Whereas status denotes the customs delineating the relations between different groups, contract denotes that which is agreed upon by two individuals. Because the focal point of contract is on individuals and not groups, it leaves the individual much more exposed to exploitation than status did. Let us offer a few examples:In a society characterized by status, the balance of power between two parties is determined by the obligations and privileges attached to each status or order. When status evaporates and we are left only with contractual arrangements, the balance of the agreement is determined solely by the power leveraged by individuals. This is not so bad when individuals of equal stature are entering into contract, but when the contract is between a man and a huge corporation or a man and another man of extreme power, the smaller, weaker party has no leverage. If he wants to eat, he must assent to the terms proposed by the stronger party, whether or not they be just. Under status there were certainly still many economically weak individuals with little economic leverage, but individual weakness was cushioned by power of the group whose privileges were governed by custom.For example, though individual peasants had little power, their collective status was protected by entrenched customs enforced by law. It was understood that they could only be held to certain obligations and none other. If the landowner tried to enforce further obligations beyond what custom recognized, the landowner's demands would be overturned in court. This happened in the early days of the English enclosures, when many peasants successfully fought the enclosure of the commons and had their grievances upheld in the local courts (4). But once status has given way to contract, the peasant had no more leverage from which to insist on his customary rights. He stood alone before the landowner. Instead of one class or status negotiating with another on conditions established by custom—conditions that protected the privileges of each - now the little man is naked before the great man and can negotiate only what he is able to leverage as an individual, which is not much. The group status accorded to different classes in the old system allowed more equity in their socio-economic relations than they could command under the latter contractual arrangements.III. Liquidity and Instability
We mentioned above that modern economies are inherently unstable. This is another manner in which the erosion of status exposes the individual. Wealth today possesses greater liquidity, which means it can be transferred or disposed of with much greater ease than in the old days when most wealth was locked up in hereditary land holdings. But the greater liquidity of modern wealth means an increase in economic instability. Under status, it was quite difficult for a family to lose its land, which was considered hereditary. Because land (and hence wealth) could be securely passed on from generation to generation, the landowners in turn were able to offer secure tenancies to their peasants, usually 99 year leases with fixed rents and obligations over the life of the lease. Imagine the security if your expenses were more or less fixed for 99 years!But once status gave way to contract, wealth became more liquid, which meant it was not as secure. Belloc notes: "When wealth was mobilized, when it became (to use another metaphor) liquid [everything] changed. A family very wealthy in one generation and ruined in the next gives no impression of status." (5) Once wealth could be freed up for speculative investments, some families did well, but others were ruined. Wealth put out to speculation is no longer secure, and thus property ownership no longer secure. Coupled with the erosion of status-based socio-economic relations, the growing liquidity of fortune meant that increasingly the benefits of ones status could not be passed on. The peasant freeholder gradually becomes the landless urban proletarian while wealth is amassed in the hands of the most successful—and ruthless—speculators.IV. Contract and State Exploitation
We could also note that, although the abolition of obligations based on status freed the peasants from certain duties to their landowners, it also left them exposed to exploitation by the state. In France, the revolutionary Republic abolished all feudal duties and obligations in August, 1789. The principle was that it would free the Third Estate from their obligations to the nobility; by removing feudal obligation, it would give the peasant class more liberty. But the revolutionaries forgot that feudal status, besides imposing obligations, also enumerated privileges that could not be impeded. For example, under status, French peasants were subject to the corvée, a certain amount of unpaid labor they were required to give to their lord, usually for the maintenance of roads. On the eve of the Revolution, the corvée amounted to ten days per year. (6)But if the corvée stipulated ten days per year owed to the lord, it also established 355 days per year upon which the lord had no legal claim. When all feudal obligations were abolished, this forbid the lord from claiming his ten days of service, but it also meant that there was no legal reason the state could not make claims on the citizen at any and all times whatsoever. The obligations of status were abolished, but so were its guaranteed protections. Thus, only four years after abolishing feudal obligations, the French Republic issued the Levée en masse in August, 1793. The Levée placed the manhood of France at the disposition of the state in such a way that would have never been conceivable under status. The law proclaiming the Levée read:From this moment until such time as its enemies shall have been driven from the soil of the Republic, all Frenchmen are in permanent requisition for the services of the armies. The young men shall fight; the married men shall forge arms and transport provisions; the women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; the children shall turn old lint into linen; the old men shall betake themselves to the public squares in order to arouse the courage of the warriors and preach hatred of kings and the unity of the Republic." (7)The peasants who had once groaned under a ten day obligation now found themselves conscripted to perpetual state service in the wars of the Revolution—wars that ended up lasting twenty years. Under status, subjects knew what obligations they must do, but they also knew what they were not under compulsion to do. Once status gave way to contract this was all wiped away, and the citizen truly becomes a tabula rasa for the state to scrawl its vision upon, in blood if need be. Under the regime of status, with its different classes and carefully defined obligations and privileges, no king or lord could ever place "all Frenchmen" in a condition of "permanent requisition" for the state. But with the abolition of status, the citizen is naked before the power of the state just as he is alone before the power of the landowner or corporation.V. Erosion of Mediative Bodies
Finally, we should note that under status, the integrity of a particular group or class was protected by various mediatory bodies who were charged with upholding the customs associated with each class. The most famous of these were the guilds, who protected the craftsman class in the cities, and by the customary laws of the countryside which rendered tenure of land fixed and hereditary. A man might belong to any number of bodies, all of which conferred upon him real legal rights that had to be respected by the state—rights as the subject of a town, perhaps more if a citizen of this or that "free" city; rights as a member of a guild, as a tenant or this or that landlord, of this or that domain; rights associated with living along the stream, or near the bridge and so on. And of course, rights as a Catholic with all of the protections and privileges afforded a Christian. In short, society was full of subsidiary bodies whose purpose was to check the competition and rapacity of each other by establishing several layers of social insulation between man and the state. In a kingdom where status reigns, each person's status sets limitations on what the state can demand of him and naturally keeps the power of the government in check.Of course, when contract began to erode status and law began abolishing these intermediate bodies, the state increasingly came to act directly upon its citizens. Now, with the abolition of all the old guilds, associations and customs, every man is naked before the power of the state with no mediating bodies.NOTESVI. Conclusion
What does this mean for modern economy? Simply re-instituting guilds will not get us where we need to be, nor will the modern union movement, which is but a corrupted shadow of the medieval guild. Under contract, the only status recognized is that of citizen, and in this every citizen is equal to everyone else. In fact, whether in the United States or Europe, the modern world is built upon the rejection of status. Certainly the European ancien regime was not perfect; it suffered from serious defects, especially in the end when it no longer understood the reasons for its own existence. But it cannot be denied that the old system of status afforded a level of economic security that can scarcely be imagined today.Belloc argues that what is thus needed is a gradual return to a concept of status: a situation in which a man is viewed not merely as an economic unit or individual but as part of a group with a fixed, known status. Remember, class distinctions need not be based on wealth; the original medieval ideal, as exemplified in the Three Orders, was a class system based on function, where obligations and privileges are clearly defined and can establish a real condition of permanent economic stability for the members of a given status. Only a reinstitution of legally recognized status will preserve us from the vulnerabilities we suffer from under contract.So says the great Belloc.
(1) Hilaire Belloc, The Crisis of Civilization (TAN Books: Rockford, Ill, 1992), 116-117
(2) Jacques le Goff, Medieval Civilization (Blackwell: Oxford, 1999), 255
(3) Ibid., 262
(4) See Mark Overton, The Agricultural Revolution in England (Cambridge Univeristy Press: Cambridge, 1996), 30-35, 157
(5) Belloc, 119
(6) Daniel Roche, France in the Enlightenment (Harvard University Press: Harvard, 1998), 50
(7) Wikipedia, "Levée en masse," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse
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